Fixation and Fixatives

ALCIAN BLUE RATIONALE FOR USE Alcian blue is a water dissolvable, amphoteric copper phthalocyanine, which is regularly utilized as a fundamental color. When all is said in done, alcian blue has a proclivity for sulfated and carboxylated gatherings of corrosive mucopolysaccharides, however the particular gathering exhibited is subject to the color arrangement pH. Suggested FIXATIVES 10% unbiased cushioned formalin and Bouin’s fixative. Maintain a strategic distance from Chromate Fixatives MODE OF ACTION (1, 2, 3) Alcian blue ties electrostatically with the acidic gatherings in the mucopolysaccharide molecule.The parts to be exhibited are strongly recolored if the dyer arrangement is utilized at the particular pH at which the responsive gatherings are completely ionized. To accomplish full ionization of the responsive gatherings, some alcian blue techniques start with a flushing of segments in the proper pH arrangement preceding recoloring with the color arrangement. As a rule, unequivocally sulfated mucins respond all the more reliably at low pH levels. Over a pH of 1. 0 their responses are variable. At a pH of 0. 2 just unequivocally sulfated mucosubstances will be illustrated, while feeble sulfated mucins stain well between a pH of 1. 0 †2. 5, and regularly beneath 1. . Carboxylated mucins respond with alcian blue at pH 2. 5. Alcian blue delivers an exceptional greenish-blue or blue-green shading. To guarantee this shading isn't lost during resulting compound and color medicines, for example, those found in the Alcian Blue-Verhoeff’s van Gieson strategy and Movat’s Pentachrome, alcian blue is changed over to an insoluble color. By uncovering alcian blue recolored segments to a pre-warmed 80 °C antacid liquor arrangement, alcian blue is changed over to the insoluble color, monastral quick blue. Further presentation of the segments to different decolorizers and colors, neglects to change the alcian blue intensity.QUALITY CONTROL AND C ONTROL MATERIALS 1. Suitable control tissues incorporate colon and small digestive tract. On the off chance that lung areas contain bronchi with mucous organs, are utilized as a control, the tech ought to know that ligament network will likewise recolor at around pH 2. 5. 2. To maintain a strategic distance from tinge of hyaluronic corrosive found in connective tissue lattice or shapeless ground substance, the tissue segment would first be able to be treated with an answer of testicular streptococcal hyaluronidase before recoloring with alcian blue. Testicular hyaluronidase requires just 2 hours of brooding versus 24 hours with streptococcal hyaluronidase. . Alcian blue powder dissolvability may diminish after capacity of over three years, however great recoloring results have been accounted for with color parts more established than three years (4). 4. The color arrangement pH is basic to guarantee show of explicit synthetic gatherings. pH 0. 2 - just unequivocally sulfated mucins showed pH1. 0 - firmly and pitifully sulfated mucins pH 2. 5 - carboxylated and feebly sulfated mucins 5. To guarantee the nature of recoloring at the fitting pH, the area might be flushed in the dissolvable arrangement before recoloring in the color, I. e. , washing in pH 2. , 3% watery acidic corrosive arrangement before setting the segments in the pH 2. 5 alcian blue arrangement, which is set up by joining alcian blue color powder in a 3% watery acidic corrosive arrangement. 6. A few systems show it is essential to abstain from flushing the recolored slides in water after treatment in alcian blue color. Smearing the slides dry subsequent to recoloring is suggested. 7. It is imperative to dodge celloidinization of tissue areas in light of the fact that alcian blue has a solid proclivity for celloidin. 8. A white cloudiness may show up on the rear of the glass slide in the wake of recoloring with atomic quick red and contact with the air.Moistening a kimwipe or facial tissue with s alivation and scouring the rear of the glass will expel the dimness. Follow this with cleaning of the glass utilizing a kimwipe dampened with 100% ethanol to expel the salivation. 9. Cut paraffin segments at 4-6 microns. REFERENCES 1. Bancroft J. D. furthermore, Stevens A. : Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques, second version. Churchhill Livingstone, 1982. 2. Kiernan J. A. : Histological and Histochemical Methods: Theory and Practice, Pergamon Press, 1981. 3. Sheehan D. C. furthermore, Hrapchak B. B. : Theory and Practice of Histotechnology, second release, C.V. Mosby Co. , 1980. 4. Shrenk E. : Note from the Biological Stain Commission-a recently ensured color Alcian blue 8GX. Stain. Tech. 56(3), 129, 1981. ALCIAN BLUE pH 2. 5 SOLUTIONS a. 1% Alcian Blue Solution †pH 2. 5 Alcian Blue 8GX (C. I. 74240)1gm 3% Glacial acidic acid100ml (3 ml. chilly acidic corrosive to 97 ml. refined water) Add a precious stone of thymol to forestall form development. The arrangement can be separated and reused. b. Atomic Fast Red (Kernechtrot) Solution (pg. 19) PROCEDURES (1, 2) 1. Deparaffinize and hydrate slides to refined water. (See Note 1) 2.Stain in alcian blue answer for 30 minutes. Channel arrangement back for reuse. (See Note 2) 3. Wash for 2 minutes in running faucet water. 4. Wash in refined water. 5. Counterstain in atomic quick red for 3 to 5 minutes. Rapidly move slides to refined water. Channel arrangement back for reuse. 6. Flush slides in refined water. 7. Get dried out, clear, and mount. On the off chance that an overcast murkiness shows up as an afterthought allude to quality control data, #8. Shading RESULTS Carboxylated and pitifully sulfated corrosive mucins †light blue to medium greenish blue Nuclei-ruddy pink.NOTE 1. After stage 1, the slides might be set in a pH 2. 5, 3% watery acidic answer for 1 moment, at that point continue to stage 2. 2. After stage 2, the slides can be smeared dry, rather than flushing in running faucet water an d refined water. Proceed with the system with stage 5. REFERENCES 1. Lev R. also, Spicer S. S. : Specific recoloring of sulfate gatherings, with Alcian blue at low pH. J. Histochem. Cytochem. , 12:309, 1964. 2. Sheenhan D. C. what's more, Hrapchak B. B. : Theory and Practice of Histotechnology, second version. C. V. Mosby Co. , 1980

Elements Of Dance :: essays research papers

In the wake of perusing the gift about innate moves and functions, I took in a ton of intriguing things I never knew. I surmise the way that I haven’t taken a move class ever previously and wasn’t encouraged a lot about move in syntax school or secondary school, I was oblivious to how significant and how powerful ceremonial moves are inside a general public.      Dancing is an action that can be dated as far back as the Stone Age, when individuals previously existed on this planet. Not just that, ceremonial moves can be found in pretty much every culture today. In certain zones of the world, moving is a lifestyle. It very well may be utilized for an assortment of reasons, for example, Fertility customs, Initiation ceremonies, Rituals of the Hunt and Animals, Healing and memorial service customs, and War and Weapon customs.      Rituals are customary bunches of activities. They are performed generally to cast supernatural spells and to impact divine beings and spirits. Customs are likewise passed down from age to age.      The custom move that my gathering performed last Tuesday in class was named War and Peace. It began vicious with a serious battle scene and finished with everybody being breathed life into back and meeting up with the linkage our hands, speaking to harmony. With everything going on the planet at this moment, we thought it was a suitable custom move to do in light of the fact that the purpose of it was to show how we should not execute one another. We should meet up, make sense of our disparities and make harmony. This custom would be viewed as a particular ceremony, which has a particular one-time reason. The reason clearly being the finish of the fear mongering that’s going on and the avoidance of a war.      The other kind of custom the gift discusses is a recurrent. A recurrent is rehashed every year or season. A case of this would be a downpour move that a clan may do during a dry season when their yields need water. I couldn't help thinking that the other two ceremonial moves did in class were most likely cyclicals. They appeared like they were moves that could be utilized again and again rather than our custom that made some one-memories reason.      Another intriguing actuality I discovered while perusing was the way solid assumes such a critical job in a custom move. It said that the drummer is the fundamental music creator, and it is believed that the divine beings are addressed, through drums.

Hsbc Case Essay Example for Free

Hsbc Case Essay HSBC is known as the â€Å"World’s neighborhood bank†. Initially called the HongKong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited, HSBC was built up in 1865 to fund the developing exchange among China and the United Kingdom. HSBC is currently the second biggest bank on the planet, serving 100 million clients through 9,500 branches in 79 nations. The organization is composed by business line (individual money related administrations; client fund; business banking; corporate speculation banking and markets; private banking), just as by goegraphic fragment (Asia-Pacific, U. K. /Eurozone, North America/NAFTA, South America, Middle East). In spite of working in 79 distinct nations, the bank endeavors to keep up a neighborhood feel and nearby information in every territory. HSBC’s central working procedure is to stay near its clients. As HSBC administrator Sir John Bond said in November 2003, â€Å"Our position as the world’s nearby bank empowers us to move toward every nation extraordinarily, mixing neighborhood information with an overall working platform†. For instance, consider HSBC’s nearby advertising endeavors in New York City. To demonstrate to bored New Yorkers that the London-based budgetary behemoth was â€Å"the world’s nearby bank. HSBC held a â€Å"New York City’s Most learned Cabbie† challenge. The triumphant cabbie gets paid to drive full-time for HSBC for the year, and HSBC clients win, as well. Any client demonstrating a HSBC bankcard, checkbook, or bank explanation can get a free ride in the HSBC-marked Bankcab. The crusade shows HSBC’s nearby information. â€Å"In request to make New Yorkers accept you’re neighborhood, you need to act local,† said Renegade Marketing Group’s CEO Drew Neisser. Over the world in Hong Kong, HSBC attempted an alternate crusade. In the district hit hard by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) flare-up, HSBC propelled a program to rejuvenate the nearby economy. HSBC â€Å"plowed back intrigue payments† to clients who worked in businesses generally influenced by SARS (films, lodgings, cafés, and travel organizations). The program facilitated its clients money related weight. The bank additionally advanced Hong Kong’s business segment by offering limits and discounts for clients who utilize a HSBC charge card when shopping and eating out, to help organizations influenced by the downturn. In excess of 1,500 neighborhood dealers took part in the advancement. Notwithstanding nearby promoting, HSBC does specialty showcasing. For instance, it found a little-known item territory that was developing at 125 percent a year : pet protection. In December 2003 it declared that it will convey across the country per protection through its HSBC Insurance organization, making the protection accessible to its contributors. HSBC additionally fragments demographically. In the United states, the Bank will focus on the worker populace, especially Hispanics, since it has procured Bital in Mexico, where numerous vagrants to the United States store cash. Generally speaking, the bank has been intentionally arranging its overall business under a solitary worldwide brand with the â€Å"World’s neighborhood bank† trademark. The point is to connect its global size with cozy connections in every one of the nations wherein it works. The organization burns through $600 million every year on worldwide showcasing and will probably merge and utilize less advertisement offices. HSBC will choose who gets the record by giving every office a â€Å"brand-system work out. † Agencies will be competing for the record by enhancing HSBC’s number 37 worldwide brand positioning

Dr. Jekyll and Hyde analysis free essay sample

The main explanation he would be acting this way, despite the fact that Jekyll is ofa higher class, he needs to be related with Hyde for an explanation he doesn't need his companions to know. As though Jekyll was not acting odd enough as of now he shields Hyde regardless of he does, Jekyll consistently endeavors to legitimize Hydes activities. Likewise he has recorded everything in his will to Mr. Hyde for obscure reasons at the time just raising greater interest from the charcters in the book just as the peruser. All through referred to history London has been viewed as an image of riches and prosparity, yet Stevenson shows the opposite side. Furthermore, if whenever he napped over, it was yet to see it float all the more covertly, even to unsteadiness, through more extensive mazes of light lighed city, and at each road corner(Stevenson 8). The city of London is radically not the same as people groups general thought of that city. We will compose a custom article test on Dr. Jekyll and Hyde examination or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page A great many people think about all the hisorical tourist spots and territories, not the less fortunate segments that Stevenson will in general spotlight on. He might be doing this to help sumbliminatley further the possibility of the duality in individuals. Possibly attempting to persuade the individuals that if a city can be part as a part of its character so can the individuals of this world. Prior the Ying-Yang was contrasted with Jekyll and Hyde and it was extremly well demonstraighted towards the finish of this book when it is uncovered to the peruser that Jekyll uncovered he needed to be Hyde. The intensity of volventary chance be forfieted, and the character of Edward Hyde become unalterably mine0ekyll/Hyde 48). Jekyll had for a long while been itching to be a rulebreaker like Hyde, experiencing childhood in affluent family he had an explanation and a need to oppose what was exspected of him. Jekyll appeared to need to live on the opposite side of life to encounter all parts of what life at the ime brought to the table. It is Just a characteristic intuition of certain individuals to revolt out of not being satisfyed. Or then again, in Dr. Jekylls case needing to experence the opposite side in this world. Stevenson over and again raises this thought all through the content, while failing to come out and saying it. Stenson can bring this thought up in each peruser mind on numerous occasions. This story was additionally conceivably wrote to show everybody that has perused it that no one is absolutely acceptable or fiendish, there is no dark or white, that everybody regardless of what they do is Just a shade of dim. Dr. Jekyll and Hyde investigation By zooglicious

State and local GOVT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

State and nearby GOVT - Assignment Example Open legitimacy staff framework has gotten significant in wording or guaranteeing that government work is given to the certified people. Be that as it may, it has been expressed, â€Å"the most noteworthy expert difficulties for open legitimacy staff are at the neighborhood level. The legitimacy standard involves the determination and arrangement of the best individual for some random activity (Bowman and West, 2006). This is the primary case where the test comes since open arrangements have inclined towards polished methodology, even at the nearby level. Experts interface polished methodology to ownership of information and are joined to gather character. When applying issues of legitimacy for an occupation at a neighborhood level a greater number of issues other than polished methodology, for example, sexual orientation and race balance issues are considered to get the most ideally equipped individual for the activity and this is a test. In taking a gander at pay for execution frameworks, which is a sort of open legitimacy work force framework, both Perry et.al (2009) and Bowman (2010) discovered that open legitimacy faculty frameworks at the neighborhood level have numerous difficulties that are brought about by issues that incorporate absence of satisfactory financing, failure to recognize levels of execution, absence of representative trust in merit frameworks, worker director doubt and bureaucratic protection from merit frameworks among others (Bowman, 2009: Perry, Engbers and Jun, 2009). These issues show that the above proclamation is valid. Talk about the suggestions for state and neighborhood legislatures of the Intergovernmental Personnel Act of 1997 (Revised). http://www.opm.gov/approach information oversight/employing specialists/intergovernment-staff act/#url=Provisions. What issues were tended to and for what reason do you think they were remembered for the Act. The Revised Intergovernmental Personnel Act (IPA) portability program guidelines happened from May 29, 1997 permitting bureaucratic offices to work proficiently and profitably. The guidelines have

Global Strategy College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Worldwide Strategy College - Essay Example Banai and Sama (2004) contend that exact proof demonstrates that MNCs who deceive an inclination for home nation representatives/directors, don't just set up themselves as remote elements inside their host economies yet, place themselves at the front line of moral addressing and doubt. As opposed to be viewed by have nation residents as potential bosses and wellsprings of remote speculation, they are viewed as courses for the diverting of monetary assets from the host economy to the parent one (Banai and Sama, 2004). Obviously, this obliges the potential for helpful collaboration between the MNCs being referred to and the host economy. To the extent that Pfizer is concerned, it will additionally cast doubt on the veracity of its advertised trademarks. In light of the expressed, hence, Pfizer ought to depend on have nation representatives. Notwithstanding the above expressed the contention for dependence on have nation workers is additionally sustained by the very idea of the business inside which Pfizer works.

Hrm as a Strategic Partner - Free Essay Example

Man 2145 Assignment 01 Topic -Critically discuss the importance of HR Management to transform from being primarily administrative and operational to becoming more strategic contributor. In addition examine the current role of HR function. Due date- 24th April 2010 Name- Suntharamurthy Vishakan Student ID- SUVID91 3115 Table of contents 1. Introduction3 2. Discussion4 2. 1 Personnel management4 2. 1. 1 Functions of Personal management4 2. 2 Transform of personnel management to Human resource Management6 2. 2. 1 Change in competitive environment7 2. 2. Cultural differences7 2. 2. 3 Embracing new technology8 2. 2. 4 Flexibility and Diversity8 2. 2. 5 Controlling costs 9 2. 2. 6 Global economy9 2. 2. 7 The strategic significance10 3. 3 Current Role of HRM11 2. 3. 1Functions of SHRM12 3. 4 HR as strategic partner13 2. 4. 1 Strategic Business Plan13 2. 4. 2 Strategy Development and Implementation14 2. 4. 3 What are required of HR as Strategic Partner? 14 2. 4. 4 Continuous Improvement15 2. 4. 5 SHRM and Competitive advantage15 2. 4. 6 Some Real world examples of Successful firms using SHRM 16 2 Conclusion17 References18 1. Introduction Purpose of this report is to critically discuss the importance of HR Management to transform from personnel management to becoming more strategic contributor and examine the current role HR function. Personnel management is Personnel Management is the phase of management, which deals with the effective control, and use of manpower as distinguished from other sources of power. HRM is a strategically-driven process of acquiring, training, appraising and compensating employees, and maintaining good labor relations, health and safety. HRM directly addresses the business related issues or functions. Strategy is normally a long term plan that shows the path to achieve the stated goals and objectives. HRM is the key to ensure the existence of the organization in this challenging business world. HRM is a separate department which manages th e entire work force of an organization. This report has completed based on the SHRM practices and factors influenced personnel management to transform towards a Strategic partner. Real world examples are been used to illustrate the importance of SHRM as a strategic partner. Maximum information is used to complete these tasks. Internet, HRM reports, journals, Books, and newspapers are the sources of information used in the project. 2. Discussion 2. 1 Personnel management The word Personnel Management is popular with different names such as Labor management, Staff management, and Industrial management and in modern times as Human Resources Management Personnel management was focused on employment contracts, disciplinary issues and compensation. Personnel management can include administrative tasks that are both traditional and routine. It can be described as reactive, providing a response to demands and concerns as they are presented. Personnel management is often considered an independent function of an organization. (Page West Bernhadrdt, 2009) * The welfare aspect This is concerned with the working conditions and basic enmities such as housing, schooling, hospitality, sanitary, canteen, creches, handling personnel problems and the recreational facilities. The labor or personnel aspect This is concerned with recruitment, placement of employees, remuneration, training and development, promotions, incentives, measuring productivity and individual performance. * The industrial relation aspect This is concerned with trade union, negotiations settlement of industrial disputes, joint consultation and collective bargaining Personnel management can include administrative tasks that are both traditional and routine. 2. 1. 1 Functions of Personal management Personnel management is different from HRM. Personnel means persons employed. Hence, personnel Management views the man as economic man who works for money or salary. Human resources management treats th e people as human beings having economic, social and psychological needs. Thus HRM is broader in scope compared to personnel management. 2. 2 Transform of personnel management to Human resource Management Human resource management has changed in name various times throughout history. The name change was mainly due to the change in social and economic activities throughout history. The beginning of Personnel management can be traced to the distress about utilization of people functioning in factories and was set up through law of the land in most of the countries to deal with issues pertaining to grievances and welfare of the workmen. As the dynamics in relationships linking trade unions and management distorted the personnel management tasks grew away from welfare to other areas such as guaranteeing harmonious industrial relations and valuable personnel administration. During this period the prominence was on planning and observing conformance to rules and procedures. Page West Bernhadrdt, 2009) Social, economic, and technological events also strongly influence HRM practices. These events include: An expanding cultural diversity at the work-place, The emergence of work and family issues, The growing use of part-time and temporary employees, An increased emphasis on quality and team-work, The occurrence of mergers and takeovers, The occurrence of downsizing and layoffs, The rapid advancement of technology, An emphasis on continuous quality improvement and A high rate of workforce illiteracy. These events influence HRM practices in numerous ways. For example: * Some firms are attempting to accommodate the needs of families by offering benefit options like maternity leave, child care, flextime, and job sharing. * Some firms are attempting to accommodate the needs of older workers through skill upgrading and training designed to facilitate the acceptance of new techniques. * Some firms are educating their employees in basic reading, writing, and mathematica l skills so that they can keep up with rapidly advancing technologies. 2. 2. 1 Change in competitive environment The last three decades saw, the changes in the competitive environment brought concerning by rising competition, which resulted in accessibility of wide option for clients and that in turn, gave a new aspect to marketplace, customers’ preference, which in result forces companies to constantly innovate and provide the kind of value to customer that competition cannot match. 2. 2. 2 Cultural differences The global business environment today is a multi-cultural one. While general business considerations are essentially the same the world over, business styles differ greatly from country to country. The global style of business is mixed with the multi cultural people. Organizations employees, executives, salespeople, technicians to negotiate or make contracts with little or no understanding of the cultural differences in the ways people communicate and do busines s with each other. Due to this HRM has to be more dynamic in terms of recruiting, training and developing the employees to assure that they can function effectively anywhere around the world. (Millmore, M, M, 2009) (2003 Southwestern College Publishing. ) 2. 2. 3 Embracing new technology Technology is forcing firms to become more competitive. At every instance there are innovation taking place. The rate of change is rapid. Organizations have come a long way from applications of Lasers to optic fibers. Some systems where IT helps HRM are: * Systems for e-recruitment; * On-line short-listing of applicants; * Developing training strategies on-line; * Psychometric training; * Payroll systems; * Employment data; * Recruitment administration; * References; * Pre-employment checks. This has forced personnel management to be more strategic where to include IT in their Strategic planning of the Company and the HRM. 2. 2. 4 Flexibility and Diversity Before two or three decades a major trend emerged where employers were seeking increasing flexible arrangements in the hours worked by employees due to an increase in number of part-time and temporary contracts and the invention of distance working. The workforce and patterns of work are becoming diverse in which traditional recruitment practices are useless. In recent years, growth in the use of internet meant a move to a 24/7 society. This created new jobs in e-commerce while jobs were lost in traditional areas like shops. This meant an increased potential for employees to work from home. Organizations need to think strategically about the issues these developments raise. HRM‘s role will change as changes occur. (Millmore, M, M, 2009) 2. 2. 5 Controlling costs Investment in a new technology, intellectual capital and efforts for globalization has increased pressures on companies to lower cost as well as improve productivity. Among the above investments, labor cost is the largest expenditure of any organizat ion, especially in service and knowledge intensive companies. So organizations have started using approaches such as down-sizing, outsourcing and employee leasing and productivity enhancement. All these have direct impact on Policies and practices change in labor management. 2. 2. 6 Global economy Todays global economy also influences some aspects of HRM. Many firms realize that they must enter foreign markets in order to compete as part of a globally interconnected set of business markets. From an HRM perspective, such organizations must foster the development of more globally-oriented managers: individuals who understand foreign languages and cultures, as well as the dynamics of foreign market places. These firms also must deal with issues related to expatriation, such as relocation costs, selection, compensation, and training. With this shift in business dynamics, the awareness sunup on companies that people and their knowledge is the only source of sustainable competitive advantage, as other resources related to materials, equipment, technology, finances etc. have proved short lived in the absence of human capital capable of deploying these resources effectively and efficiently. Companies now bank on peoples domain knowledge combined with their awareness of markets for developing innovative new products services and thus creating enhanced value proposition for customers. This marked change in attitude of managements saw the emergence of concept of Human Resource Management which characterizes implementation of personnel policies to maximize objectives of organizational integrity, employee commitment, flexibility and quality. Personnel management traditionally is aimed largely at non-managers, where as HRM treats management development as an equally important issue. Traditionally personnel management viewed organizational culture and leadership as issues concerned with organizational development, where as HRM highlights responsibility for managing organization culture and leadership issues. HRM concerns with setting consistent HR policies which reflect and communicate â€Å"core values† of the company. It is through building culture and sharing common values among people that companies are trying to ensure that their acts and decision are based on best interest of the company rather than stressing on conventional rules and procedures, thus achieving the element of speed. (Baron Armstrong, 2007) 2. 2. 7 The strategic significance However more and more companies have begun to view the issues such as organization development, employee development, direct employee communication and involvement, performance management etc. s deliverables of well conceived HR strategy. In the industries where there is a strong correlation of intellectual capital and success at marketplace, the companies took HRM altogether to a different plane of strategic importance where the role of HR is clear in achieving overall strategic goals of the company. There are yet some other industries where companies think that industrial relations are still the major concern in people area, traces of traditional personnel management functioning can be seen in practice. However, in general across the industries, there has been a shift in attitudes of personnel / HR professionals and the aspect is gaining importance at strategic level. (Boxall Purcell, 2008) 2. 3 Current Role of HRM Strategic human resource management is designed to help companies best meet the needs of their employees while promoting company goals. Human resource management deals with any aspects of a business that affects employees, such as hiring and firing, pay, benefits, training, and administration. Human resources may also provide work incentives, safety procedure information, and sick or vacation days. Strategic human resource management is essential in both large and small companies. In small companies, this may be as simple as the owner or manager t aking a little time every day to observe, assist, and assess employees, and provide regular reviews. Larger companies may have a whole department in charge of human resources and development. By meeting the needs of the employees in a way that also benefits the company, it is possible to improve the quality of staff members. Taking the effort to provide employees with the tools they need to thrive is worth the investment. ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE MANAGERIAL COMPETENCIES * HR Professional Competence * Business -related Competence Technical Human Resource Practices ices Theoretical Framework for Strategic Human Resource Management Strategic Human Resource Practices ORGANIZATIONAL CONTEXT VARIABLES * Firm size * Level of Technology * Union Coverage 2. 3. 1 Functions of HRM Strategic Role: * develops and promotes policies, standards and good practices in the management of civil servants; and * implements these policies through discussions, explanations, guidelines, regulations and circulars. Central roles: determines and communicates overall Human Resource Management policy and standards of best practice * advises departments on the implementation of policies and the development of their Human Resource Management plans * formulates pay and conditions of service, fringe benefits and allowances and also deals with proposals for changes to structures of grades/ranks and for creation of directorate posts in the light of advice from independent standing bodies * Deals with appointment, promotion and discipline relating to senior positions, taking into account the advice from the Public Service Commission. It also processes cases relating to staff complaints, early retirement, legal assistance for civil servants, and benefits for retired civil servants * ensures service-wide comparability between grades and ranks with similar responsibilities * manages the Administrative and General Grades * consults with major staff associations(Boxall Purcell, 2008) To play a ll these roles HR has several functions as follows: * HR plan * Recruitment * Selection * Induction * Motivation * Performance appraisal * Training and development Compensation management * Industrial relations * Health and safety(Relly) 2. 4 HR as a strategic partner 2. 4. 1 Strategic Business Plan To some organizations, strategic planning is a way of life. To others, it’s an exercise. To almost all, it’s a requirement. Strategic planning allows agencies to map out where they are, where they want to go, and how they plan to get there. The strategic planning process varies from agency to agency. * Develop Human Resource plans and strategies aligned to the organization’s strategic direction and business strategy. Provide tools and tactics to enhance execution of these strategies * Integrate human resource management with current and pending legislation and socio-political changes. * Integrate human resource management with general organizational management. * Man age the interface between human resource management processes and systems. * Formulate and communicate human resource management policies. * Act as the conscience of employer with respect to public issues. * Scan the environment and identify emerging trends that ill affect the organization and the management of people therein. * Assess the long-term impact of short-term decisions on people. * Express the philosophy and values regarding people management in the organization. 2. 4. 2 Strategy Development and Implementation Full participation of HR people in strategy development and implementation promotes HR as strategic partner. Ensure that HR Manager and HR professionals: * contribute to business decisions * develop business acumen to understand how a profitable business is run * are customer-oriented learn how to link HR practices to your organizational business strategy Strategic planning allows agencies to put down on paper where they are, where they want to go, and how they plan to get there. But the best planning in the world does nothing for an agency if it does not act on those plans. Strategic implementation of human resources management means performing activities that support agency mission accomplishment and measuring how well those activities contribute to achieving agency strategic goals. (Boxall Purcell, 2008) 2. 4. 3 What are required of HR as Strategic Partner? These are among the important ones Recruiting the right employees. Align corporate values to the recruitment strategy. * Well-developed competencies of the workforce, and their relevance to organizational core business. * Participative culture where HR initiatives fully support the overall strategic plan. * Effective use of information technology. * Effective leadership through appointment of the right HR Head. Identification of human resource practices that make HR as strategic partner, namely, serving the business needs of the organization. Discard ineffective HR practices that do not contribute to the success of the organization. (Office of State Personnel, California, 2008) ] 2. 4. 4 Continuous Improvement HR management requires continuous improvement to ensure it retains its relevance as strategic partner. Capable and committed people are needed at every level in order for this to happen. Senior management support is crucial to ensure that human resource becomes the organizations strategic partner. It is said that nothing changes except change itself. Change is inevitable for the continued success of your organization. Manage them well to avoid or minimize disruption in your organizations activities. 2. 4. SHRM and Competitive advantage Baron Armstrong, (2007) define sustainable competitive advantage (SCA) as â€Å"long-term advantage over the organization’s competitors which is achieved by offering unique value†. Therefore, competitive advantage can reasonably be defined as per above, but not necessarily long-term/sustainable. Universal (best practice) Organizations create competitive advantages by integrating a suitable ‘HRM bundle’ of best practices into the firm’s overall structure. The ‘HRM bundle’ typically includes ‘high ground’ elements of HRM, some of which may include: * A goal of employee commitment; A goal of organic structure and functional flexibility; * A goal of quality; and * A goal of integrating corporate objectives and HR objectives. In theory, successful integration of the above practices into a firm will ultimately result in an environment in which HRM actually helps to determine strategy (rather than just implement it). The validity of this framework is commonly substantiated by drawing causal relationships between, for example, motivation and customer satisfaction, or other relevant factor Contingent (best fit) As per the â€Å"best practice† framework, except that in this instance best practice is contingent on the firm’s situational e nvironment. The competitive environment, industry and workforce structure interact to create a specific context in which HRM adds competitive advantages Organization-specific (unique) Baron Armstrong uses the resource-based theory of sustainable competitive advantage to posit that intellectual and human resources are sets of attributes (i. e. he knowledge, training and experience of a firms employees), and that they can provide the firm with sustainable competitive advantages. The firm must control the resources. (Baron Armstrong, 2007) 2. 4. 6 Some Real world examples of Successful firms using SHRM SAP (Australia) * Annual employee conference where everyone participates in developing the Company’s vision and strategy; * Staff and managers jointly compile business plans; * Staff and management jointly manage performance evaluations; and * Bonuses linked to ‘rated’ customer satisfaction system; Pepsi-Cola International Adopts a common values approach to HRM, to enhance competitiveness; * Has a multinational vocabulary that unites staff from different cultures and countries; and * Has identified 11 success factors for performance measurement and management. Apple Computer (USA, Europe, Pacific) * Adopted a growth/prospector/high-tech strategy for HRM; * Facilitated rapid HR growth by â€Å"fattening† corporate structure to create opportunities while simultaneously maintaining innovative spirit; and * Removed original founders in the best interest of the Co. nd its strategies. 3. Conclusion Once a HR professional said that â€Å"The most powerful of the strategic configurations of power remains people you must work on developing an organizational spirit de corp. that aligns the hearts and minds of your staff with the aims of the business† The report has shown that the people are the asset for a company and to improve that asset the HR have transformed as a strategic contributor from personnel management. The report also has sho wed the other factors which influenced this transform. In today’s organizations, to guarantee their viability and ability to contribute, HR managers need to think of themselves as strategic partners. The project also illustrates the importance of HR as a strategic partner through some real world examples, trend of SHRM and by explaining how the SHRM provides a competitive advantage to the companies. The project also analyzed the current role of HR functions in a critical way by providing an understanding of contemporary HR theory and issues, by showing awareness of political, social and ethical issues. . References Books Baron, A. and Armstrong, M. (2007) Human capital management. London: Kogan Page. Boxall, P. and Purcell, J. (2008) Strategy and human resource management (2nd edition). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Millmore, M. , Lewis, P. and Saunders, M. (2007) Strategic human resource management: contemporary issues. Harlow: Financial Times/Prentice Hall. Page West, J. N. , Bernhadrdt. (2009). An ascendant view of human resource management as a critical content dimension in new venture strategy. Bingley: Emerald group of publishing. Journal articles Reilly, P. (2008) Strategic HR? Ask yourself the questions. HR Director . No 44, February. pp12-14, 16-17 Richards, J. (2007) Aligning HR with the business: two steps forward, one step back. IRS Employment Review. No 866, 2 March. pp6-12. Online document HR as a Strategic Partner for Organizations of the Future (n. d). Retrieved April 22, 2010, from https://www. hewittassociates. com/Intl/AP/en-IN/KnowledgeCenter/ArticlesReports/hr_strategic_partner. aspx Office of State Personnel, California. (2008,

The Uncanny and Diagnosis of Mr. Ripley A Freudian Approach - Literature Essay Samples

Patricia Highsmith, the author of The Talented Mr. Ripley, portrays a protagonist on the precipice of insanity. Mr. Ripley shows many qualities of a person with borderline personality disorder, or more commonly called: a psychopath. A book titled, The Mask of Sanity by Hervey Cleckley, addresses multiple symptoms of borderline personality disorder, many of which can be seen in the character of Tom Ripley. These symptoms can help explain why Tom Ripley is so convincing and such a believable character in the novel. Along with the diagnostic facets in this story, one can witness elements of the uncanny in this thriller. Using Sigmund Freud’s article, â€Å"The Uncanny†, one can also see how Highsmith uses some key concepts of Freud’s article to create a sense of uncanniness. In order to better understand the state of Ripley’s mind, one must know the symptoms and behavior traits of a person with borderline personality disorder. The long list includes many dece ptive qualities such as superficial charm, intelligence, unreliability, untruthfulness, lack of shame, egocentricity, failure to follow any life plan, etc. These general characteristics, taken from a multitude of different patient cases by Cleckley, provides the reader with the tools necessary to diagnose Ripley as a â€Å"psychopath†, and, once that is established, one can see how Highsmith incorporates his disorder in The Talented Mr. Ripley in order to create a sense of uncanny feelings. One can see almost immediately a key characteristic of a psychopath in Ripley’s dinner with Mr. and Mrs. Greenleaf. Cleckley states that, â€Å"More often than not, the typical psychopath will seem particularly agreeable and make a distinctly positive impression when he is first encountered† (354). This can be seen in the conversation and mannerisms between Ripley and the Greenleafs. During a lull in the conversation the reader sees Ripley look at himself in the mirror, seeing himself as â€Å"the upright, self-respecting young man again. He was doing the right thing, behaving the right way† (Highsmith 25) and just a paragraph later thinking, â€Å"That had been the only time tonight when he had felt uncomfortable, unreal, the way he might have felt if he had been lying† (Highsmith 25). He acknowledges that he was behaving in the proper manner to this upper-class family, ensuring that they would grant him the opportunity to retrieve Dickie and travel to Eu rope on their dime. It is also during this seen that the reader sees two other characteristics of a psychopath: untruthfulness and a lack of shame. Cleckley states that, â€Å"The psychopath shows a remarkable disregard for truth and is to be trusted no more in his accounts of the past than in his promises for the future or his statement of present intentions† (357). This is seen when Ripley constantly lies when telling his life story to the family, from where he worked â€Å"Reddington, Fleming, and Parker† (Highsmith 23), to where he went to school â€Å"Princeton for a while†¦ [then] in Denver and went to college there† (Highsmith 23). Neither statement was true, yet he felt no shame or regret in saying that they were. Another characteristic Ripley shows throughout the novel is his inadequately motivated antisocial behavior. He frequently lies, steals, and commits fraud and murder in order to obtain his wants and desires. Cleckley states that these deeds, committed by psychopaths are often committed for â€Å"astonishingly small stakes and under much greater risks of being discovered† (359). This trait of taking great risks for absolutely no payoff or advantage is seen early in the novel when the reader is informed of Ripley’s fraudulent check scam where his total reached, â€Å"one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three dollars and fourteen cents†¦A pity he couldn’t cash them† (Highsmith 19). His inability to cash them was not because he wanted to avoid getting caught, but only because the checks were not addressed to his fake name. Yet, although he knew he couldn’t cash them, he continued to run his little scam just for the thrill of it. He puts this same s kill to use later in the novel after his murder of Dickie when he signed the hotel’s â€Å"register with Dickie’s hasty and rather flamboyant signature†¦ [Spending] that evening practicing Dickie’s signature for the bank checks† (Highsmith 116). While the payoff is indeed much more significant as the story progresses, his risk of being caught is increased and his sense of guilt or shame is virtually nonexistent, furthering his characteristics of psychopathic behavior. The extreme circumstances that Ripley faces, including the murders of Dickie and Freddie, would have caused a healthy and normal person to succumb to their emotions. However, Ripley is shown to stay calm and collected even in the most excitable circumstances. This is precisely what Cleckley discusses when speaking about psychopathic behavior concerning the absence of nervousness or psychoneurotic manifestations where, â€Å"Even under concrete circumstances that would for the ordinary person cause embarrassment, confusion, acute insecurity, or visible agitation, his relative serenity is likely to be noteworthy.† (Cleckley 355). Ripley’s lack of these emotions and ability to stay calm is first manifested after Dickie leaves to make amends with Marge. It is then that Ripley, upon approaching the balcony, â€Å"had a curious feeling that his brain remained calm and logical and that his body was out of control† (Highsmith 77). He then proceeds into Dickie’s be droom, trying on his clothes while performing a gruesome imaginary act where he throttles Marge’s neck, when he is caught in the act. Under these circumstances, an ordinary person would be very embarrassed; yet, Ripley manages to play it off and is quick to point the blame on Dickie, â€Å"Marge had launched her filthy accusations of him at Dickie. And Dickie hadn’t had the guts to stand up and deny it to her!† (Highsmith 79). This scene effectively shows yet another symptom of borderline personality disorder. Ripley has many of the characteristics of borderline personality disorder. The examples above prove that diagnosing him as having this disorder or labeling a psychopath is not unbelievable, but very fitting. Now that Ripley has been established as having borderline personality disorder with the evidence from both Highsmith and Cleckley, one can turn to Freud’s essay, â€Å"The Uncanny†, and establish the concepts Highsmith uses in her novel to invoke uncanniness in the reader. In particular, Highsmith utilizes Freud’s concepts of creating a mentally unstable character and introducing the theory of a â€Å"double†. Freud’s concept of the double coincides with a key symptom of borderline personality disorder, that of egocentricity. Cleckley states that, â€Å"The psychopath is always distinguished by egocentricity. This is usually of a degree not seen in ordinary people† (362), and Ripley portrays this characteristic throughout the novel. His a ctions show that everything he does is in order for him to fulfill his own ambitions. Freud addresses this egocentric mentality in his essay stating, â€Å"the ‘double’ was originally an insurance against destruction to the ego, an ‘energetic denial of the power of death’† (Freud 162). Ripley’s ego was beginning to deteriorate as Dickie began to become distant, wanting instead to be with Marge instead of Ripley. After a heated argument between the two about a job opportunity with a drug dealer, Tom felt â€Å"hurt that he said nothing, hurt like a child who has been sick and probably a nuisance† (Highsmith 89). Thus it was necessary for Ripley to act in a manner to restore his ego and loss of self-respect. That manner involved killing Dickie and taking his identity. Ripley’s murder of Dickie adds to the sense of uncanniness for two reasons. First, he irrationally acted on a primal and savage instinct to kill, but in a very rational manner. Coinciding with the example stated in the above paragraphs involving a psychotic’s symptoms and characteristics, Ripley’s mental instability causes the reader to feel uncanny. Freud states that the uncanny effects of â€Å"manifestations of insanity†¦excite in the spectator the impression of automatic, mechanical processes at work behind the ordinary appearance of mental activity† (157). This mental process is seen as Ripley murders Dickie in the boat off San Remo as â€Å"he began to feel cooler, and smooth and methodical† (Highsmith 103) as he prepared to dump the body. His indifference to his recently murdered friend causes excitement and horror in the reader as one realizes that this gruesome task seemingly has no effect on the mind of Ripley. He seems mechanical, li ke a machine, which leads to the second reason where Freud states, â€Å"In telling a story, one of the most successful devices for easily creating uncanny effects is to leave the reader in uncertainty whether a particular figure†¦ is a human being or an automaton† (157-158). Clearly Ripley is not an automaton made of robotic parts or machinations, but he does act like one as he disposes the body. Feeling no emotions and working quickly and efficiently as if he planned every detail out, when, in fact, it was more an impulsive action. Highsmith uses Freud’s concept of a â€Å"double† to invoke an uncanny feeling in the reader while further establishing the ego of Mr. Ripley. Ripley’s intentions of murdering Dickie, in order to take on his persona, are first shown when Ripley states, â€Å"he could become Dickie Greenleaf himself. He could do everything Dickie did† (Highsmith 98) and later, showing the ease in which he became Dickie, â€Å"he had done so little artificially to change his appearance, but his very expression, Tom thought, was like Dickie’s now† (Highsmith 121). It is after he commits the crime and â€Å"becomes† Dickie for a while that the reader gains insight on how this new persona is affecting Ripley as he begins to do everything from smile to brushing his teeth in the same manner. Freud’s statement that â€Å"the ‘double’ was originally an insurance against destruction to the ego, an ‘energetic denial of the power of deat h’† (Freud 162) represents itself again when Ripley has to stop acting as Dickie due to the police investigation. The fact that he has to return to being Tom Ripley weighs heavy on him due to the destruction of his ego, and the confidence boost he gained from being Dickie. Ripley â€Å"hated becoming Thomas Ripley again, hated being nobody, hated putting on his old set of habits again† (Highsmith 181). Freud’s concept of a double is seen throughout Highsmith’s novel, the uncanny effect is shown through the ease Ripley has not only acting like Dickie, but looking nearly identical also. Uncanny effects can also be seen in the reoccurrence of actions of Tom Ripley. Freud states that while: â€Å"reoccurence of the same situations, things and events, will perhaps not appeal to everyone as a source of uncanny feeling†¦an involuntary return to the same situation, but which differ radically from it in other respects, also result in the same feeling of helplessness and of something uncanny† (163) Therefore, taking Freud’s statement, one can see how Ripley’s murders of Dickie and Freddie can be related and seen as uncanny. While the situations differ greatly, Dickie’s being easier to clean up and planned better while Freddie’s was immediate and difficult to cover up, the reader feels helpless in two ways: one, if the reader is rooting for Ripley, they simply hope he can get the body out of there; two, if the reader was hoping Freddie made it out alive, they must watch as he is murdered, which, can feel as if they are an accomplice. One also feels the uncanny effect caused by Ripley’s luck in evading the police at every turn. From the hidden boat of San Remo, the fraudulent checks and letters, interrogations, both murders, and the fingerprints, all cause the reader to sense that something uncanny is happening that protects Ripley at all turns from detection. Freud’s closing comment in â€Å"The Uncanny† states that the uncanny is â€Å"something which ought to be kept concealed but which has nevertheless come to light† (166). Ripley’s psychopathic behavior was brought to light in this thriller, causing uncanniness and allowing the reader to see into the mind of a psychopath. Once Mr. Ripley’s borderline personality disorder is diagnosed using the symptoms detailed by Hervey Cleckley in, The Mask of Sanity, one can see how mentally unstable this protagonist is, as it provides insight on the strange behavior and mentality of the character. Patricia Highsmith also utilizes many aspects of uncanny feeling, as described by Freud’s â€Å"The Uncanny†. Highsmith’s novel, The Talented Mr. Ripley, portrays Tom Ripley as a psychopath who mysteriously gets away with his multitude of crimes. She expertly shows the mentality and characteristics of a person with borderline personality disorder wh ile exciting in the reader a feeling of uncanniness in the different situations.

Hunger Games versus The Lottery Essay - 932 Words

The Lottery (Jackson, pg 163-170) and The Hunger Games (Collins, 2008) are both popular pieces of seemingly like, popular literature. Rituals and rules come into play strongly in both stories. In comparing The Lottery (Jackson, pg 163-170) and The Hunger Games (Collins, 2008) I find that both stories focus strongly on their annual rituals of sacrifice with a scapegoat. The Lottery (Jackson, pg 163-170) and The Hunger Games (Collins, 2008) have a ceremony, a formal event that brings the town or district together while having no real significance. Both stories also include similar rules, such as the rule that all people living in the town or district must attend the day that the person is chosen. A ritual is always done in a†¦show more content†¦The family whos head of household gets the black dot will then have each member of the family draw yet again. The person that draws the black dot this time will be the sacrifice. The main difference between the rituals in The Hunger Games (Collins, 2008) and The Lottery (Jackson, pg 163-170) is the event that actually takes place when the person is decided upon. In The Hunger Games (Collins, 2008) the tributes are made to fight to the death, with the possibility of living. In The Lottery the person is stoned to death, having no chance of living through it. Both stories deal with a scapegoat ritual. A scapegoat is one that bears the blame for others.(Merriam-Webster, definition 2) In The Hunger Games(Collins, 2008) sixteen year old Katniss Everdeen is the scapegoat after she volunteers to take the place of her younger sister Primrose Everdeen. In The Lottery Tessie Hutchinson is the scapegoat when she draws the paper with the black dot on it. The characters from the stories are being faced with death for something that they did not do, but rather their town or district did, or thinks is necessary. A ceremony is a formal act or event that is a part of a social or religious occasion. (Merriam-Webster, definition 1) as well a ceremony is an action performed only formally with no deep significance. (Merriam-Webster, definition 2b). Both of the definitions are clearly represented in The Lottery (Jackson, pg 163-170) and TheShow MoreRelatedPersonification, By Rainsford And Rainsford880 Words   |  4 PagesRainsford and his ideas about life and hunting. Rainsford shows apathy towards his game and believes the creatures he hunts have no feelings. â€Å"Rainsford presumes that hunting is a sport involving no more moral consequences than a game such as baseball; he further demonstrates his naivete by assuming that his victims, big-game animals, have no feelings† (Dunleavy 1). Later these ideas Rainsford has about hunting game and their ability to emote is compared to General Zaroff and his ideas about huntingRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson1005 Words   |  5 Pages In some ways, â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson could be seen as controversial. Within the first paragraph, we are left with two main questions; â€Å"what is the lottery?† and â€Å"why does it happen?† A major theme that answers the first question is all about tradition. Yes, the lottery is a tradition in many towns. No one has ever questioned this tradition, even though it is quite inhumane. In all honesty, you could compare this story very well to The Hunger Games just because of what this tradition consistsRead MoreAnalysis of Shirley Jacksons The Lottery Essays4601 Words   |  19 Pages Shirley Jackson’s famous short story, â€Å"The Lottery,† was published in 1948 and remains to this day one of the most enduring and affecting American works in the literary canon. â€Å"The Lottery† tells the story of a farming community that holds a ritualistic lottery among its citizens each year. Although the text initially presents audiences with a close-knit community participating in a social event together on a special day, the shocking twist at the work’s end—with the death of the lottery’s â€Å"winner†Read MoreDrinking While Driving5308 Words   |  22 PagesIncentive theory b) Drive-reduction theory c) Maslows theory d) Cognitive theory 34. Hunger, arousal, and achievement are three basic _____. p. 428 a) emotions b) feelings c) responses d) motives 35. Early research by Washburn suggested that stomach contractions caused hunger sensations. Later research showed that the presence of the balloon in Washburns stomach had caused digestive contractions, not hunger contractions. This is an example of the effects of _____ variables on scientific researchRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesinvalid or deductively invalid. In deductive arguments, the arguer intends for the argument to meet the standard of being deductively valid. There are other, unrelated uses of the word â€Å"valid† such as when we say that word is not valid in a Scrabble game, or that is a valid way to travel from Paris to Amsterdam. 45 In inductive arguments, the arguer intends the argument to satisfy another standard, that the conclusion follow with high probability but not certainty from the basic premises. IfRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesDeveloping subordinates Processing paperwork Planning and goal setting STUDY ⠝  RESPONDENTS †¢ FOCUS ⠝  Luthans, Rosenkrantz, and Hennessey (1985) †¢ 52 managers in 3 organizations †¢ Participant observation of skills demonstrated by most effective versus least effective managers ⠝  Curtis, Winsor, and Stephens (1989) †¢ 428 members of the American Society of Personnel Administrators in the United States †¢ (1) Skills needed to obtain employment †¢ (2) Skills important for successful job performance †¢Read MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesmix CONTENTS ix 12.17 Integrating the elements of the marketing mix 12.18 Summary Stage Four: Which way is best? Strategic evaluation 13 Criteria of choice 13.1 Learning objectives 13.2 Introduction 13.3 Financial versus non-financial criteria; effectiveness versus efficiency 13.4 Financial criteria 13.5 Non-financial criteria 13.6 Multiple criteria 13.7 Summary 14 Modelling approaches – 1 14.1 Learning objectives 14.2 Introduction 14.3 Cost–volume–profit analysis 14.4 Investment appraisalRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages 616 623 Contents Preface xxii 1 1 Introduction What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Importance of Interpersonal Skills 4 What Managers Do 5 Management Functions 6 †¢ Management Roles 6 †¢ Management Skills 8 †¢ Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field 13 Psychology 14 †¢ Social Psychology 14 †¢ Sociology

What Caused the Collapse of the Angkor Civilization

The fall of the Khmer Empire is a puzzle that archaeologists and historians have wrestled with for decades. The Khmer Empire, also known as the Angkor Civilization after its capital city, was a state-level society in mainland Southeast Asia between the 9th and 15th centuries AD. The empire was marked by enormous monumental architecture, extensive trade partnerships between India and China and the rest of the world, and an extensive road system. Most of all, the Khmer Empire is justifiably famous for its complex, vast, and innovative hydrologic system, water control built to take advantage of the monsoonal climate, and cope with the difficulties of living in a tropical rainforest. Tracing Angkors Fall The date for the empires traditional collapse is 1431 when the capital city was sacked by the competing Siamese kingdom at ​Ayutthaya. But the fall of the empire can be traced across a much longer period of time. Recent research suggests that a variety of factors contributed to the weakened state of the Empire before the successful sacking. Early Kingdoms: AD 100-802 (Funan)Classic or Angkorian Period: 802-1327Post-Classic: 1327-1863Fall of Angkor: 1431 The Angkor civilizations heyday began in AD 802 when King Jayavarman II united the warring polities collectively known as the early kingdoms. That classic period lasted more than 500 years, documented by internal Khmer and external Chinese and Indian historians. The period witnessed massive building projects and expansion of the water control system. After the rule of Jayavarman Paramesvara beginning in 1327, internal Sanskrit records stopped being kept and monumental building slowed and then ceased. A significant sustained drought occurred in the mid-1300s. Angkors neighbors also experienced troubled times, and significant battles took place between Angkor and neighboring kingdoms before 1431. Angkor experienced a slow but constant decline in population between 1350 and 1450 AD. Factors Contributing to the Collapse Several major factors have been cited as contributors to the demise of Angkor: war with the neighboring polity of Ayutthaya; conversion of the society to Theravada Buddhism; increasing maritime trade which removed Angkors strategic lock on the region; over-population of its cities; climate change bringing an extended drought to the region. The difficulty in determining the precise reasons for Angkors collapse lies in the lack of historical documentation. Much of Angkors history is detailed in Sanskrit carvings from the politys temples as well as reports from its trade partners in China. But documentation during the late 14th and early 15th centuries within Angkor itself fell silent. The Khmer Empires principal cities--Angkor, Koh Ker, Phimai, Sambor Prei Kuk--were engineered to take advantage of the rainy season, when the water table is right at ground surface and rain falls between 115-190 centimeters (45-75 inches) each year; and the dry season, when the water table drops up to five meters (16 feet) below the surface. To counteract the ill effects of this drastic contrast in conditions, the Angkorians constructed a vast network of canals and reservoirs, with at least one of these projects permanently changing the hydrology in Angkor itself. It was an immensely sophisticated and balanced system apparently brought down by a long-term drought. Evidence for a Long-Term Drought Archaeologists and paleo-environmentalists used sediment core analysis of soils (Day et al.) and dendrochronological study of trees (Buckley et al.) to document three droughts, one in the early 13th century, an extended drought between the 14th and 15th centuries, and one in the mid to late 18th century. The most devastating of those droughts was that during 14th and 15th centuries, when decreased sediment, increased turbidity, and lower water levels were present in Angkors reservoirs, compared to the periods before and after. The rulers of Angkor clearly attempted to remedy the drought using technology, such as at the East Baray reservoir, where a massive exit canal was first reduced, then closed off entirely during the late 1300s. Eventually, the ruling class Angkorians moved their capital to Phnom Penh and switched their main activities from inland crop growing to maritime trade. But in the end, the failure of the water system, as well as interrelated geopolitical and economic factors were too much to allow a return to stability. Re-Mapping Angkor: Size as a Factor Since Angkors rediscovery in the early 20th century by pilots flying over the densely overgrown tropical forest region, archaeologists have known that the urban complex of Angkor was large. The main lesson learned from a century of research has been that the Angkor civilization was much larger than anyone would have guessed, with an astounding five-fold increase in the number of identified temples in just the last decade. Remote sensing-enabled mapping along with archaeological investigations have provided detailed and informative maps which show that even in the 12th-13th centuries, the Khmer Empire was stretched across most of mainland Southeast Asia. In addition, a network of transportation corridors connected far-flung settlements to the Angkorian heartland. Those early Angkor societies profoundly and repeatedly transformed the landscapes. Remote-sensing evidence also shows that Angkors expansive size created serious ecological problems including over-population, erosion, loss of topsoil, and forest clearing. In particular, a large-scale agricultural expansion to the north and a growing emphasis on swidden agriculture increased erosion which caused sediments to build up in the extensive canal and reservoir system. This confluence led to declining productivity and increasing economic stress at all levels of society. All that was made worse by droughts. A Weakening However, a number of factors weakened the state besides climate change and declining regional instability. Although the state was adjusting their technology throughout the period, the people and societies in and outside of Angkor were in increasing ecological stress, particularly after the mid-14th-century drought. Scholar Damian Evans (2016) argues that one problem was that stone masonry was used only for religious monuments and water management features such as bridges, culverts, and spillways. The urban and agricultural networks, including the royal palaces, were made of earth and non-durable materials such as wood and thatch. So What Caused Khmers Fall? A century of research later, according to Evans and others, there still simply isnt enough evidence to pinpoint all factors which led to Khmers downfall. This is especially true today, in taking into account that the complexity of the region is only beginning to become clear. The potential is there, however, to identify the precise complexity of the human-environment system in monsoonal, tropical forested regions. The importance of identifying the social, ecological, geopolitical, and economic forces leading to the downfall of such an enormous, long-lived civilization is its application to today, where elite control of the circumstances surrounding climate change is not what it could be. Sources Buckley BM, Anchukaitis KJ, Penny D, Fletcher R, Cook ER, Sano M, Nam LC, Wichienkeeo A, Minh TT, and Hong TM. 2010. Climate as a contributing factor in the demise of Angkor, Cambodia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107(15):6748-6752.Caldararo N. 2015. Beyond Zero Population: Ethnohistory, Archaeology and the Khmer, Climate Change and the Collapse of Civilizations. Anthropology 3(154).Day MB, Hodell DA, Brenner M, Chapman HJ, Curtis JH, Kenney WF, Kolata AL, and Peterson LC. 2012. Paleoenvironmental history of the West Baray, Angkor (Cambodia). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109(4):1046-1051.Evans D. 2016. Airborne laser scanning as a method for exploring long-term socio-ecological dynamics in Cambodia. Journal of Archaeological Science 74:164-175.Iannone G. 2015. Release and reorganization in the tropics: a comparative perspective from southeast Asia. In: Faulseit RK, editor. Beyond Collapse: Archaeological Perspectives on Resilience, Revitalization , and Transformation in Complex Societies. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. p 179-212.Lucero LJ, Fletcher R, and Coningham R. 2015. From ‘collapse’ to urban diaspora: the transformation of low-density, dispersed agrarian urbanism. Antiquity 89(347):1139-1154.Motesharrei S, Rivas J, and Kalnay E. 2014. Human and nature dynamics (HANDY): Modeling inequality and use of resources in the collapse or sustainability of societies. Ecological Economics 101:90-102.Stone R. 2006. The end of Angkor. Science 311:1364-1368.

Latin American Policy For Latin America Essay - 1954 Words

Neoliberalism gained prominence in Latin America in the 1980s and 1990s, and was organised around promoting laissez-faire principles of the free market (Harvey, 2005, pp.7). In Venezuela, neoliberal supporters Carlos Andrà ©s Pà ©rez and Rafael Caldera implemented widespread privatisation and deregulation, notably of the hydrocarbon industry (Ellner, 2008, pp.92), plus eroded the welfare state and social services (Meltzer, 2009, pp.90), resulting in a socio-economic crisis leaving 54% of Venezuelans in poverty (Muntaner et al., 2006). However, the turn of the 21st century marked a significant transformation for Latin American policy (Escobar, 2010). This came in the form of the ‘Pink Tide’: the election of left-wing governments in opposition to the neoliberal ideology (Enrà ­quez, 2013). The election of Venezuelan president Hugo Chà ¡vez in 1999 spearheaded the anti-neoliberal movement (Orhangazi, 2014). Chà ¡vez desired an alternative to neoliberalism falling betwe en ‘savage capitalism’ and ‘failed communism’, with the aim of directly controlling and improving education, healthcare, food supply and other basic needs (Jones, 2008, pp.437), thus coining the ‘Alternative Bolivarian Agenda’, a direct response to Caldera’s neoliberal ‘Agenda Venezuela’ (Meltzer, 2009, pp. 92). The Bolivarian Revolution provided the foundations for an anti-neoliberal social transformation, by implementing nationalisation and participatory democracy (Azzellini, 2010, pp.8-9). There have been extensiveShow MoreRelatedEssay The Good Neighbor Policy1074 Words   |  5 Pages The Good Neighbor Policy during the 1930’s and 1940’s was a policy of non-intervention between the United States and Latin America. This was the United States’ attempt to regain trust and economic relations with Latin America. The Good Neighbor Policy had good intentions of no longer intervening with Latin American policies and governments. During the 1930’s, the Great Depression effected the U.S. and Latin American nations. After the stock market crash the U.S. went through an economic depressionRead MoreUS Foreign Policy During the 20th Century797 Words   |  4 Pagesforeign policies have affected the methods in which the U.S. involves itself around the globe. Specifically, certain policies have affected U.S. involvement in Latin America. It is the intention of this essay to explain the United States foreign policy behind specific doctrines. In order to realize current objectives, this paper will proceed as follows: Part 1 will define the Monroe Doctrine, Sections 2, 3, 4, and 5 will concurrently explicate the Roosevelt Corollary, Good Neighbor Policy, and theRead MoreThe Policies Of The United States During The Period912 Words   |  4 PagesThe policies of the United States during the period 1898-1936 regarding latin america can be broadly covered in phases; the first phase: Big Stick Diplomacy 1898- 1909, the second phase known as Dollar Diplomacy from 1909- 1913, the third phase called missionary diplomacy from 1913- 1921 and finally the fourth phase known and the good neighbor policy 1933- 1936. These four policies had a great impact on not only the landscape of latin america but on the future of the United States in the region.Read MoreThe United States And Latin America1362 Words   |  6 PagesWhen looking a t the history between the United States and Latin America, you see many interactions between them, all that aided the relationship that they have today. Despite that the United States and Latin America are in the same part of the world, the beliefs in which they govern may differ. This difference has often been seen playing a major role in the disputes that have occurred in past. The United States and Latin America have faced many social, economical and governing barriers in formingRead MorePresident Franklin Roosevelt And The United States1699 Words   |  7 PagesDuring a 1928 goodwill speech in Latin America, President Herbert Hoover said, â€Å"We have a desire to maintain not only the cordial relations of governments with each other, but also the relations of good neighbors† (United States History). Hence, the Good Neighbor phrase was coined as the Coolidge Administration was criticized for armed intervention in Latin America. The Hoover Administration’s policies were created to strengthen relations with Latin America; for instance the retraction of the TheodoreRead MoreFour approaches to the political economy development of Latin America1734 Words   |  7 PagesThe study of development in Latin America has been approached from a variety of academic disciplines. International Political Economy scholars have provided a number of different approaches for studying, analyzing and understanding the political and institutional constrains that have shaped the development of Latin American countries. They have also incorporated into the analysis variables such as the influence of international organizations and the economic and class history, and its relation withRead More Training Ground For Murderers Essay1749 Words   |  7 PagesTraining Ground For Murderers Continued U.S. support for the School of the Americas, an institution that has trained dictators and political assassins, is completely unjustifiable. At seven o’ clock in the morning on December 11, 1981 an evil force entered the small El Salvadorian village of El Mezote (School of Assasins). With painted faces and army fatigues, the guerillas carried machine guns and automatic rifles into the peaceful village. As survivor Rufina Amaya recounts, â€Å"At ten o’clockRead MoreThe USA and Latin American Countries After the Cold War Essay1058 Words   |  5 Pageswe ought to do, but what we can do† said Rory Stewart and in this decade, US and Latin American policy makers should do just that; think about what they can do instead of what they ought to do. So the question becomes, what issue has brought both the US and it’s Latin American neighbors together to enter into a current Inter-american relation? Throughout the many decades military force between the USA and Latin American countries has seen many changes. In this current era, these changes have lead andRead More US-Latin America Essay1400 Words   |   6 PagesStates their right of any intervention in the Western Hemisphere and allowed the United States to do whatever they wanted. The United States took this newly bestowed power and abused it. The United States intervened in many Latin American countries and imposed their policies on to these countries against their will. A perfect example of this aggression is what occurred in the Dominican Republic in 1904. The United States intervened in this sovereign nation and took control of their economy and customRead MoreImperialism DBQ Essay examples636 Words   |  3 Pagesin shaping U.S. foreign policy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries? Prior to the late 19th century, the United States was preoccupied with domestic affairs and simply used the Monroe Doctrine as their lone foreign policy. By the late 19th century, however, domestic concerns suppressed just enough to let foreign issues take the spotlight. The Industrial Revolution brought mass production, which forced the United States to seek a new global market for trade. America also became increasingly

The Effects Of Religion On School Performance - 867 Words

Why do some people spend hours upon hours doing homework while others don’t even know what homework is? Why is school easy to some while almost impossible to others? Almost everyone has wondered these questions at least once throughout their school career. Religion is one area that is alleged to have a great effect on school performance. Therefore, students who are active in religion should be expected to perform better in school. Whether a child’s increased performance comes from the values which his or her religion pushes or from the environment they are immersed in, some aspect of religion is thought to affect school performance. Religion is an important factor in almost everyone’s life, even if they claim to be non-religious. Religion has somehow affected several parts of everyone’s life, whether adversely or advantageously. A majority of people have a personal story about how finding or losing religion has changed their lives and ambitions drastically. One could realize a greater being/cause exist or that their current life is all they have. Even though religion is the cause of countless areas of debate there is almost no controversy in merely studying how religion affects different areas of your life. Almost all debated topics relate to religion in one way or another. For example, religion strongly affects political affiliation which is an extremely controversial topics. However, none of the controversial topics of religion will be a problem in my research. KnowingShow MoreRelatedIs Religion An Effective Deterrent Against Juvenile Delinquency?1363 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Question(s): Is religion an effective deterrent against juvenile delinquency? If not then what are other effective deterrents? Intro: Children are characterized as being innocent or at least not responsible for their action since science shows that their brains are not yet fully formed. Despite this belief, there exists a branch of the criminal justice system that deals with juvenile offenders. There is much speculation about what causes children to go down a criminal path and if thereRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Inequalities On Society Essay1614 Words   |  7 PagesExamining the Effects of Social Inequalities Social inequalities are present in all forms of personal and professional aspects of society. As an educator, efforts must be put forth to recognize and eliminate inequalities that exist, analyze educational structures that limit the human potential, examine the role of culture in learning, and explore linguistically diversity and learning. Therefore many individuals are not willing to develop relationships of trust due to the human inequalities or personalRead MoreEffects Of Emerging Economies On North America s Economy And The Global Market On A Whole1558 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: This report is intended to brief the reader on the effects of emerging economies on North America’s economy and the global market on a whole. This report provides an overview of the emerging economies of India China; their education, ideological beliefs economic performance and how North America’s way of business is affected. This report was compiled based on articles from reputable sources, such as Bloomberg and articles published within the industry. This report was authorizedRead MoreThe Louisiana Science Education Act Essay1728 Words   |  7 Pagesstudents require an explanation of why people exist. There are those who would oppose evolution, and there are those who oppose creationism. Is there a significant difference between these methods? Several states have passed regulations that allow schools to teach both evolution and creationism. The Louisiana Science Education Act, in particular, is a highly controversial debate. The act allows teachers to teach adscit itious materials in the classroom. Many opponents are looking to repeal this lawRead MoreThe Problems of Teaching Creationism in Schools1465 Words   |  6 PagesNot Very Creative: On Not Teaching Creationism in Schools Everybody should have a right to believe in whatever religious or spiritual system they want. Living in America, people are legally guaranteed that freedom, as well as protection from being persecuted for their beliefs. Recently there’s been a lot of talk in the media about religious freedom, as a result of the gay marriage controversies. Many people have cited gay marriage as an attack on their religious freedom. However, an excellent HuffingtonRead MoreThe Relationship Between Hrm Practices And Employees Performance From An Islamic Perspective Essay1395 Words   |  6 Pagesimprove performance, organizations have considered religion and culture as major shapers for employees’ performance at work place. HRM can be defined as the function within an organization that is responsible of recruiting, managing and providing the guidance and direction to employees within organizations. The Islamic perspective can be considered as an influential shaper to people’s behaviors. This research aims to investigate the relationship between HRM Practices and employees’ performance fromRead MoreDiversity Is A Wonderful Thing?855 Words   |  4 PagesDiversity Diversity means that there are many different kinds of things, also means a group of people who are from different ethnic, languages, religions, beliefs, cultural traditions which exist in one community (Cockrell, Placier, Cockrell Middleton, 1999). In these days, we are witnessing many of the ethnic diversity in all areas, including education. Ethnic diversity has become an important issue that must be considered carefully and find out its positive and negative aspects. Ethnic diversityRead MoreThe Adaptive Value Of Religious Ritual1528 Words   |  7 PagesReligion is the belief and rituals that are used to understand human existence and the flaws of our world, with the belief in a supernatural relationship and its forces. It has been found that for over 100,000 years people have been practicing some form of religion, which means it has really stood the test of time regardless of any pain or discomfort that may be inflicted during rituals, or even without a true proof of religion (p. 112). According to the article, â€Å"The Adaptive Value of ReligiousRead MoreDoes bullying affect high school aged students?800 Words   |  4 PagesDoes bullying affect high school aged students? The purpose of this research is to developed to see if high school students are affected by bullying and cyberbullying in school. This is a nation wide problem that is affected by all cultures. Overall half of all high school students say the have been bullied in the past, with nearly as many saying they have been victims of bullying in high schools. This is a problem for a lot of kids all over the world and many kids are having a high depressionRead MoreBullying : The Causes And Effects Of Cyberbullying1106 Words   |  5 Pagescan include sharing personal or private information about someone else causing embarrassment or humiliation, sometimes crossing the line into unlawful or criminal behavior. The effects of cyberbullying can be alarming, but they are clear when discussing the coinciding of actual physical bullying, poor academic performance, high rates of depression and other emotions, and even suicidal behavior. In â€Å"Cyber Bullying Statistics† from the World’s Authority on Bullying site, No Bullying, it states that

Retail Market Target

Question: What is design and why? What is type of research and why? What is your sample and why?What is the method of data collection and why? More detail and justification please in your final paper. Answer: Introduction Retail market in United Kingdom is a popular industry among the customers. Apple is one of the leading brands in the retail industry with its head quarters at Unites States. The company has 364 retail outlets all over the world (Tupikovskaja-Omovie et al., 2014). The company have various retail stores across United Kingdom. The success of the company depends on the purchase of products by customers, which in turn depends on the satisfaction of the customers. Customers satisfaction is an important part of any business that depends on various factors of the company and their services (Chakravarti Thomas, 2015). In this assignment, the satisfaction of the customers of Apple across United Kingdom would be explored. Various methods of data collection, data interpretation and probable outcome would be given in this research proposal (Wong Lam, 2016). This would give a vivid idea about the probable satisfaction level of the customers and the probable reasons behind it. Aim of the research This research aims to find the satisfaction of the customers of Apple and the factors that affect the satisfaction level of the customers. Satisfaction level of the customers is an important part for the business, as plummet in the customers satisfaction would result to loss in business. Factors that influence the customers satisfaction would also be explored in this research. Objective of the research The objective of the research is as follows: To determine the factors that influences the satisfaction level of the current customers of Apple products across United Kingdom. To determine how does these factors influence the consumers of Apple products in United Kingdom. To find how does the customers satisfaction level influence the business of the company. Research question The research questions are as follows: What are the factors that satisfy the customers of Apple? How do these factors influence the satisfaction level of the customers? How does the satisfaction level of the customers affect the business of the company? Problem statement The problem statement of the research is that the satisfaction level of the consumers of Apple products across United Kingdom is decreasing in the recent years. This had affected the business of the company. Literature review According to the viewpoint of Huang et al., (2013), it was seen that the products of Apple cost a huge sum of money than the products of other company. This results to lesser sale of the products of Apple than the products of other companies. The products of Apple have specific features that are not available for same products of other companies. As per the viewpoint of Sargunani and Bruce, (2015), it was seen that the products produced by Apple have higher resolutions, bigger display screen and advanced operating systems. Phones, laptops and other products produced by Apple provide their users with unique and user-friendly features, which are easily acceptable by the users (Piotrowicz Cuthbertson, 2014). As per the comments of Kumar, (2015), it was found that the iphone of Apple had a special feature of figure print scanner. This feature is unavailable for other phone of different company. This feature had been widely acceptable by the customers and the customers are largely satisf ied by this feature of the phone. As per the opinion of Wong and Lam, (2016), the cost of the products of Apple had been a constraint to the customers. The cost of the products makes it unreachable to many customers. This factor does not let the new technologies reach to the customers of various financial levels from all over the world. As per the opinion of Ayanso and Lertwachara, (2015), it was seen that branding strategy of Apple is an important aspect to attract customers towards their company. This company uses the Apple brand to draw consumers towards their company. They have even captured the consumers electronic industry of the United Kingdom with the products of iPods, distribution of music through iTunes Music Stores, the market of smart phones with the help of Apple iPhones and other applications via AppStores for its different products. This had drawn huge number of customers towards the company; especially the younger generation. United Kingdom, being a developed country, the people is technically advanced. They like the new features and technologies that are available in the devices of Apple. The consumers get the chance to explore new features of the devices and they tend to buy the new products that Apple introduces over the time. On the viewpoint of Taylor et al., (2014), it was found that the consu mers expect new features with the introduction of new models of Apple products to the world. The consumers expect new design and innovative technologies in the products of Apple. According to the comments of Chiu et al., (2013), the company introduces new technologies and improve their designs with the introduction of new products over the time. However, this leads to the increase in the price of the products. The common people could not buy them and they settle down with lesser-priced products that contain similar technology. This had proved harmful to the business of Apple products and they had sometimes failed in their strategies to draw customers. As per the viewpoint of Piotrowicz and Cuthbertson, (2014), promotional strategies play an important role to attract customers towards the company. The consumers of Apple products across United Kingdom are educated and have better financial conditions. They are influenced by the sophisticated advertisement of the products of the companies. This is another strategy that is adopted by the company to draw the attention of the consumers towards them. According to the viewpoint of Berg, (2014), it was seen that adapting this strategy of advertisement had failed to draw their expected amount of customers of United Kingdom to buy the products of Apple. The company had found plummet in their number of consumers in the recent years, which had become a concern for the company (Taylor et al., 2014). The causes for the dip in the number of customers over the recent years are a major concern for the business of the company in United Kingdom. The company wishes to make efforts to raise the number of consumers across United Kingdom, which would help them to develop in their business. Research Methodology The methodology of this research includes various steps that are discussed below: Research design The research would be designed that includes consumers across various age groups and various financial levels. This design would involve collection of primary data across the stores of Apple across United Kingdom by questionnaire method. The store members and the managers of the stores would be involved in this survey and they have to convince the visitors of the stores to fill up the questionnaires for the survey. These data would be used for further analysis. Data and data collection methods The desired data for this research would be the primary data that would be collected on interviewing the consumers who come to the stores of Apple to either purchase or find out about the products. The stores across United Kingdom should be instructed to survey their customers who visit the stores, irrespective of whether they purchase the product of not (Hayes et al., 2014). The stores would be provided with the questionnaire and they must be instructed to help the customers to fill up the questionnaire (Ayanso Lertwachara, 2015). The questionnaire would contain both qualitative and quantitative questions and the consumers would be asked to fill them up according to their opinion. This survey would be done for a period of three months (Piotrowicz Cuthbertson, 2014). Data collected over the different stores of Apple across the United Kingdom over three months would be used for further analysis. Three months of time would be chosen as more time would lead to the change in opinion of people with time. It would be difficult to identify the factors that affect the satisfaction level of the consumers and how does this satisfaction level influence the business of the company. Sample size and sample method A sample size of thirty across twenty stores across United Kingdom would be drawn from the primary data that would be collected from the survey. Twenty stores would be chosen randomly across various parts of United Kingdom. The data collected from these chosen stores would be considered for the survey. Thirty samples would be randomly chosen from these selected stores and they would be used for further analysis (Ayanso Lertwachara, 2015). Thus, the method of random sampling would be used to collect the samples of this research. Method of analysis There are various methods of analysis that would be done on these data in order to find the factors that affect the satisfaction level of the customers in context of the products of Apple. Count of the factors that attract the consumers to the Apple products would give the frequency of the factors (Kennedy, 2013). This would give an idea about the most and least favoured factor of the products that attract the consumers. The method of descriptive statistics would be done, which would give an idea about the average amount of money spent by the consumers to buy electronic devices and the time spent to research about the electronic gadgets (Chiu et al., 2013). Comparative study would also be done in order to find the preference of the products of Apple over the products of other companies (Jaeger et al., 2016). The method of correlation would also be done in order to know how the satisfaction level of the consumers affects the buying behaviour of the products of Apple, which in turn wou ld give the idea about the business of the company in United Kingdom (Montgomerie Roscoe,2013). The method of descriptive statistics would also give an idea about the type of people who usually visit the stores of Apple across United Kingdom and the type of people who us ally purchase these products. The method of descriptive statistics would also provide an idea about the age group of the consumers of Apple products across United Kingdom (Varley, 2014). The method of frequency distribution would give an idea about the types of professions that influence the purchase of the Apple products. It would also help to give an idea about the economic level of the consumers of the buyers and the visitors and the influence of profession on the purchase of the products of Apple across United Kingdom (Taylor et al., 2014). The method of correlation between the types of profession and the business of the company would also help to give an idea about how the profession of the consumers helps the business of the Apple in United Kingdom (Hayes et al., 2014). Thus, these methods would be used t o analyse the surveyed data and it would give an idea about the factors that affect the satisfaction level of the consumers of Apple products across United Kingdom and how this satisfaction level influences the business of the company across United Kingdom. Conclusion In this assignment, the methods of data collection were suggested to be primary data collection method, which would include all the stores of Apple across the country of United Kingdom. These data would be surveyed with the help of questionnaire method to form the population of the research. The method of random sampling would be applied on this population in order to collect the samples of the data. These collected data would be subjected to various statistical methods like frequency methods, descriptive statistics and methods of correlation. These methods would give an idea about the factors that affect the satisfaction level of the consumers of Apple products across United Kingdom. It would also give an idea about how these factors affect the satisfaction level of the consumers of Apple products in United Kingdom. These statistical methods would also give an idea about the influence of the satisfaction level of the consumers on the business of the Apple in United Kingdom. References Ayanso, A., Lertwachara, K. (2015). Analyzing Customer Service Technologies for Online Retailing: A Customer Service Life Cycle Approach.Journal of Computer Information Systems,55(4), 73-80. Berg, B. (2014). Introduction. InRetail Branding and Store Loyalty(pp. 1-26). Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. Chakravarti, A., Thomas, M. (2015). Introduction: hit-or-miss consumer insights. InWhy People (Dont) BUY(pp. 1-6). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Chiu, W. Y., Tzeng, G. H., Li, H. L. (2013). A new hybrid MCDM model combining DANP with VIKOR to improve e-store business.Knowledge-Based Systems,37, 48-61. Hayes, S. G., Tupikovskaja-Omovie, Z., Tyler, D. J., Chandrasekara, S. (2014, January). Segmenting the UK Mobile Fashion Consumer. Association for Information Systems. Huang, L., Hu, C., Zhang, X. (2013). Consumer experience analysis: A case study of Apple Inc. from consumers' perspective in experience marketing. Jaeger, S. R., Antnez, L., Ares, G., Johnston, J. W., Hall, M., Harker, F. R. (2016). Consumers visual attention to fruit defects and disorders: A case study with apple images.Postharvest Biology and Technology,116, 36-44. Kennedy, B. (2013). Retail Marketing Theory In Fashion Retailing Context. Kumar, P. (2015). Factors that determine the shopping behaviour of customers of organized and unorganized retail outlets:-a statistical survey of customer behaviour of shopping in Delhi/NCR.International Journal of Management, IT and Engineering,5(4), 150-184. Montgomerie, J., Roscoe, S. (2013, December). Owning the consumerGetting to the core of the Apple business model. InAccounting Forum(Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 290-299). Elsevier. Piotrowicz, W., Cuthbertson, R. (2014). Introduction to the special issue information technology in retail: Toward omnichannel retailing.International Journal of Electronic Commerce,18(4), 5-16. Sargunani, S. S., Bruce, M. M. J. (2015). Impact of Product and Market Factors on Consumer Behavior: A Study on Personal Computers Purchase.Asian Journal of Applied Sciences,8(1), 92-100. Taylor, S. A., Donovan, L. A. N., Ishida, C. (2014). Consumer Trust and Satisfaction in the Formation of Consumer Loyalty Intentions in Transactional Exchange: The Case of a Mass Discount Retailer.Journal of Relationship Marketing,13(2), 125-154. Tupikovskaja-Omovie, Z., Tyler, D. J., Chandrasekara, S., Hayes, S. (2014, March). Segmenting the UK Mobile Fashion Consumer. InICMB(p. 2). Varley, R. (2014).Retail product management: buying and merchandising. Routledge. Wong, I. A., Lam, I. K. V. (2016). A multilevel investigation of the role of retail stores in cross-border shopping.Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing, 1-17.