Hunger Games versus The Lottery Essay - 932 Words

The Lottery (Jackson, pg 163-170) and The Hunger Games (Collins, 2008) are both popular pieces of seemingly like, popular literature. Rituals and rules come into play strongly in both stories. In comparing The Lottery (Jackson, pg 163-170) and The Hunger Games (Collins, 2008) I find that both stories focus strongly on their annual rituals of sacrifice with a scapegoat. The Lottery (Jackson, pg 163-170) and The Hunger Games (Collins, 2008) have a ceremony, a formal event that brings the town or district together while having no real significance. Both stories also include similar rules, such as the rule that all people living in the town or district must attend the day that the person is chosen. A ritual is always done in a†¦show more content†¦The family whos head of household gets the black dot will then have each member of the family draw yet again. The person that draws the black dot this time will be the sacrifice. The main difference between the rituals in The Hunger Games (Collins, 2008) and The Lottery (Jackson, pg 163-170) is the event that actually takes place when the person is decided upon. In The Hunger Games (Collins, 2008) the tributes are made to fight to the death, with the possibility of living. In The Lottery the person is stoned to death, having no chance of living through it. Both stories deal with a scapegoat ritual. A scapegoat is one that bears the blame for others.(Merriam-Webster, definition 2) In The Hunger Games(Collins, 2008) sixteen year old Katniss Everdeen is the scapegoat after she volunteers to take the place of her younger sister Primrose Everdeen. In The Lottery Tessie Hutchinson is the scapegoat when she draws the paper with the black dot on it. The characters from the stories are being faced with death for something that they did not do, but rather their town or district did, or thinks is necessary. A ceremony is a formal act or event that is a part of a social or religious occasion. (Merriam-Webster, definition 1) as well a ceremony is an action performed only formally with no deep significance. (Merriam-Webster, definition 2b). Both of the definitions are clearly represented in The Lottery (Jackson, pg 163-170) and TheShow MoreRelatedPersonification, By Rainsford And Rainsford880 Words   |  4 PagesRainsford and his ideas about life and hunting. Rainsford shows apathy towards his game and believes the creatures he hunts have no feelings. â€Å"Rainsford presumes that hunting is a sport involving no more moral consequences than a game such as baseball; he further demonstrates his naivete by assuming that his victims, big-game animals, have no feelings† (Dunleavy 1). Later these ideas Rainsford has about hunting game and their ability to emote is compared to General Zaroff and his ideas about huntingRead MoreThe Lottery By Shirley Jackson1005 Words   |  5 Pages In some ways, â€Å"The Lottery† by Shirley Jackson could be seen as controversial. Within the first paragraph, we are left with two main questions; â€Å"what is the lottery?† and â€Å"why does it happen?† A major theme that answers the first question is all about tradition. Yes, the lottery is a tradition in many towns. No one has ever questioned this tradition, even though it is quite inhumane. In all honesty, you could compare this story very well to The Hunger Games just because of what this tradition consistsRead MoreAnalysis of Shirley Jacksons The Lottery Essays4601 Words   |  19 Pages Shirley Jackson’s famous short story, â€Å"The Lottery,† was published in 1948 and remains to this day one of the most enduring and affecting American works in the literary canon. â€Å"The Lottery† tells the story of a farming community that holds a ritualistic lottery among its citizens each year. Although the text initially presents audiences with a close-knit community participating in a social event together on a special day, the shocking twist at the work’s end—with the death of the lottery’s â€Å"winner†Read MoreDrinking While Driving5308 Words   |  22 PagesIncentive theory b) Drive-reduction theory c) Maslows theory d) Cognitive theory 34. Hunger, arousal, and achievement are three basic _____. p. 428 a) emotions b) feelings c) responses d) motives 35. Early research by Washburn suggested that stomach contractions caused hunger sensations. Later research showed that the presence of the balloon in Washburns stomach had caused digestive contractions, not hunger contractions. This is an example of the effects of _____ variables on scientific researchRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesinvalid or deductively invalid. In deductive arguments, the arguer intends for the argument to meet the standard of being deductively valid. There are other, unrelated uses of the word â€Å"valid† such as when we say that word is not valid in a Scrabble game, or that is a valid way to travel from Paris to Amsterdam. 45 In inductive arguments, the arguer intends the argument to satisfy another standard, that the conclusion follow with high probability but not certainty from the basic premises. IfRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesDeveloping subordinates Processing paperwork Planning and goal setting STUDY ⠝  RESPONDENTS †¢ FOCUS ⠝  Luthans, Rosenkrantz, and Hennessey (1985) †¢ 52 managers in 3 organizations †¢ Participant observation of skills demonstrated by most effective versus least effective managers ⠝  Curtis, Winsor, and Stephens (1989) †¢ 428 members of the American Society of Personnel Administrators in the United States †¢ (1) Skills needed to obtain employment †¢ (2) Skills important for successful job performance †¢Read MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesmix CONTENTS ix 12.17 Integrating the elements of the marketing mix 12.18 Summary Stage Four: Which way is best? Strategic evaluation 13 Criteria of choice 13.1 Learning objectives 13.2 Introduction 13.3 Financial versus non-financial criteria; effectiveness versus efficiency 13.4 Financial criteria 13.5 Non-financial criteria 13.6 Multiple criteria 13.7 Summary 14 Modelling approaches – 1 14.1 Learning objectives 14.2 Introduction 14.3 Cost–volume–profit analysis 14.4 Investment appraisalRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages 616 623 Contents Preface xxii 1 1 Introduction What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Importance of Interpersonal Skills 4 What Managers Do 5 Management Functions 6 †¢ Management Roles 6 †¢ Management Skills 8 †¢ Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field 13 Psychology 14 †¢ Social Psychology 14 †¢ Sociology

What Caused the Collapse of the Angkor Civilization

The fall of the Khmer Empire is a puzzle that archaeologists and historians have wrestled with for decades. The Khmer Empire, also known as the Angkor Civilization after its capital city, was a state-level society in mainland Southeast Asia between the 9th and 15th centuries AD. The empire was marked by enormous monumental architecture, extensive trade partnerships between India and China and the rest of the world, and an extensive road system. Most of all, the Khmer Empire is justifiably famous for its complex, vast, and innovative hydrologic system, water control built to take advantage of the monsoonal climate, and cope with the difficulties of living in a tropical rainforest. Tracing Angkors Fall The date for the empires traditional collapse is 1431 when the capital city was sacked by the competing Siamese kingdom at ​Ayutthaya. But the fall of the empire can be traced across a much longer period of time. Recent research suggests that a variety of factors contributed to the weakened state of the Empire before the successful sacking. Early Kingdoms: AD 100-802 (Funan)Classic or Angkorian Period: 802-1327Post-Classic: 1327-1863Fall of Angkor: 1431 The Angkor civilizations heyday began in AD 802 when King Jayavarman II united the warring polities collectively known as the early kingdoms. That classic period lasted more than 500 years, documented by internal Khmer and external Chinese and Indian historians. The period witnessed massive building projects and expansion of the water control system. After the rule of Jayavarman Paramesvara beginning in 1327, internal Sanskrit records stopped being kept and monumental building slowed and then ceased. A significant sustained drought occurred in the mid-1300s. Angkors neighbors also experienced troubled times, and significant battles took place between Angkor and neighboring kingdoms before 1431. Angkor experienced a slow but constant decline in population between 1350 and 1450 AD. Factors Contributing to the Collapse Several major factors have been cited as contributors to the demise of Angkor: war with the neighboring polity of Ayutthaya; conversion of the society to Theravada Buddhism; increasing maritime trade which removed Angkors strategic lock on the region; over-population of its cities; climate change bringing an extended drought to the region. The difficulty in determining the precise reasons for Angkors collapse lies in the lack of historical documentation. Much of Angkors history is detailed in Sanskrit carvings from the politys temples as well as reports from its trade partners in China. But documentation during the late 14th and early 15th centuries within Angkor itself fell silent. The Khmer Empires principal cities--Angkor, Koh Ker, Phimai, Sambor Prei Kuk--were engineered to take advantage of the rainy season, when the water table is right at ground surface and rain falls between 115-190 centimeters (45-75 inches) each year; and the dry season, when the water table drops up to five meters (16 feet) below the surface. To counteract the ill effects of this drastic contrast in conditions, the Angkorians constructed a vast network of canals and reservoirs, with at least one of these projects permanently changing the hydrology in Angkor itself. It was an immensely sophisticated and balanced system apparently brought down by a long-term drought. Evidence for a Long-Term Drought Archaeologists and paleo-environmentalists used sediment core analysis of soils (Day et al.) and dendrochronological study of trees (Buckley et al.) to document three droughts, one in the early 13th century, an extended drought between the 14th and 15th centuries, and one in the mid to late 18th century. The most devastating of those droughts was that during 14th and 15th centuries, when decreased sediment, increased turbidity, and lower water levels were present in Angkors reservoirs, compared to the periods before and after. The rulers of Angkor clearly attempted to remedy the drought using technology, such as at the East Baray reservoir, where a massive exit canal was first reduced, then closed off entirely during the late 1300s. Eventually, the ruling class Angkorians moved their capital to Phnom Penh and switched their main activities from inland crop growing to maritime trade. But in the end, the failure of the water system, as well as interrelated geopolitical and economic factors were too much to allow a return to stability. Re-Mapping Angkor: Size as a Factor Since Angkors rediscovery in the early 20th century by pilots flying over the densely overgrown tropical forest region, archaeologists have known that the urban complex of Angkor was large. The main lesson learned from a century of research has been that the Angkor civilization was much larger than anyone would have guessed, with an astounding five-fold increase in the number of identified temples in just the last decade. Remote sensing-enabled mapping along with archaeological investigations have provided detailed and informative maps which show that even in the 12th-13th centuries, the Khmer Empire was stretched across most of mainland Southeast Asia. In addition, a network of transportation corridors connected far-flung settlements to the Angkorian heartland. Those early Angkor societies profoundly and repeatedly transformed the landscapes. Remote-sensing evidence also shows that Angkors expansive size created serious ecological problems including over-population, erosion, loss of topsoil, and forest clearing. In particular, a large-scale agricultural expansion to the north and a growing emphasis on swidden agriculture increased erosion which caused sediments to build up in the extensive canal and reservoir system. This confluence led to declining productivity and increasing economic stress at all levels of society. All that was made worse by droughts. A Weakening However, a number of factors weakened the state besides climate change and declining regional instability. Although the state was adjusting their technology throughout the period, the people and societies in and outside of Angkor were in increasing ecological stress, particularly after the mid-14th-century drought. Scholar Damian Evans (2016) argues that one problem was that stone masonry was used only for religious monuments and water management features such as bridges, culverts, and spillways. The urban and agricultural networks, including the royal palaces, were made of earth and non-durable materials such as wood and thatch. So What Caused Khmers Fall? A century of research later, according to Evans and others, there still simply isnt enough evidence to pinpoint all factors which led to Khmers downfall. This is especially true today, in taking into account that the complexity of the region is only beginning to become clear. The potential is there, however, to identify the precise complexity of the human-environment system in monsoonal, tropical forested regions. The importance of identifying the social, ecological, geopolitical, and economic forces leading to the downfall of such an enormous, long-lived civilization is its application to today, where elite control of the circumstances surrounding climate change is not what it could be. Sources Buckley BM, Anchukaitis KJ, Penny D, Fletcher R, Cook ER, Sano M, Nam LC, Wichienkeeo A, Minh TT, and Hong TM. 2010. Climate as a contributing factor in the demise of Angkor, Cambodia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107(15):6748-6752.Caldararo N. 2015. Beyond Zero Population: Ethnohistory, Archaeology and the Khmer, Climate Change and the Collapse of Civilizations. Anthropology 3(154).Day MB, Hodell DA, Brenner M, Chapman HJ, Curtis JH, Kenney WF, Kolata AL, and Peterson LC. 2012. Paleoenvironmental history of the West Baray, Angkor (Cambodia). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109(4):1046-1051.Evans D. 2016. Airborne laser scanning as a method for exploring long-term socio-ecological dynamics in Cambodia. Journal of Archaeological Science 74:164-175.Iannone G. 2015. Release and reorganization in the tropics: a comparative perspective from southeast Asia. In: Faulseit RK, editor. Beyond Collapse: Archaeological Perspectives on Resilience, Revitalization , and Transformation in Complex Societies. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press. p 179-212.Lucero LJ, Fletcher R, and Coningham R. 2015. From ‘collapse’ to urban diaspora: the transformation of low-density, dispersed agrarian urbanism. Antiquity 89(347):1139-1154.Motesharrei S, Rivas J, and Kalnay E. 2014. Human and nature dynamics (HANDY): Modeling inequality and use of resources in the collapse or sustainability of societies. Ecological Economics 101:90-102.Stone R. 2006. The end of Angkor. Science 311:1364-1368.

Latin American Policy For Latin America Essay - 1954 Words

Neoliberalism gained prominence in Latin America in the 1980s and 1990s, and was organised around promoting laissez-faire principles of the free market (Harvey, 2005, pp.7). In Venezuela, neoliberal supporters Carlos Andrà ©s Pà ©rez and Rafael Caldera implemented widespread privatisation and deregulation, notably of the hydrocarbon industry (Ellner, 2008, pp.92), plus eroded the welfare state and social services (Meltzer, 2009, pp.90), resulting in a socio-economic crisis leaving 54% of Venezuelans in poverty (Muntaner et al., 2006). However, the turn of the 21st century marked a significant transformation for Latin American policy (Escobar, 2010). This came in the form of the ‘Pink Tide’: the election of left-wing governments in opposition to the neoliberal ideology (Enrà ­quez, 2013). The election of Venezuelan president Hugo Chà ¡vez in 1999 spearheaded the anti-neoliberal movement (Orhangazi, 2014). Chà ¡vez desired an alternative to neoliberalism falling betwe en ‘savage capitalism’ and ‘failed communism’, with the aim of directly controlling and improving education, healthcare, food supply and other basic needs (Jones, 2008, pp.437), thus coining the ‘Alternative Bolivarian Agenda’, a direct response to Caldera’s neoliberal ‘Agenda Venezuela’ (Meltzer, 2009, pp. 92). The Bolivarian Revolution provided the foundations for an anti-neoliberal social transformation, by implementing nationalisation and participatory democracy (Azzellini, 2010, pp.8-9). There have been extensiveShow MoreRelatedEssay The Good Neighbor Policy1074 Words   |  5 Pages The Good Neighbor Policy during the 1930’s and 1940’s was a policy of non-intervention between the United States and Latin America. This was the United States’ attempt to regain trust and economic relations with Latin America. The Good Neighbor Policy had good intentions of no longer intervening with Latin American policies and governments. During the 1930’s, the Great Depression effected the U.S. and Latin American nations. After the stock market crash the U.S. went through an economic depressionRead MoreUS Foreign Policy During the 20th Century797 Words   |  4 Pagesforeign policies have affected the methods in which the U.S. involves itself around the globe. Specifically, certain policies have affected U.S. involvement in Latin America. It is the intention of this essay to explain the United States foreign policy behind specific doctrines. 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The Effects Of Religion On School Performance - 867 Words

Why do some people spend hours upon hours doing homework while others don’t even know what homework is? Why is school easy to some while almost impossible to others? Almost everyone has wondered these questions at least once throughout their school career. Religion is one area that is alleged to have a great effect on school performance. Therefore, students who are active in religion should be expected to perform better in school. Whether a child’s increased performance comes from the values which his or her religion pushes or from the environment they are immersed in, some aspect of religion is thought to affect school performance. Religion is an important factor in almost everyone’s life, even if they claim to be non-religious. Religion has somehow affected several parts of everyone’s life, whether adversely or advantageously. A majority of people have a personal story about how finding or losing religion has changed their lives and ambitions drastically. One could realize a greater being/cause exist or that their current life is all they have. Even though religion is the cause of countless areas of debate there is almost no controversy in merely studying how religion affects different areas of your life. Almost all debated topics relate to religion in one way or another. For example, religion strongly affects political affiliation which is an extremely controversial topics. However, none of the controversial topics of religion will be a problem in my research. KnowingShow MoreRelatedIs Religion An Effective Deterrent Against Juvenile Delinquency?1363 Words   |  6 PagesResearch Question(s): Is religion an effective deterrent against juvenile delinquency? If not then what are other effective deterrents? Intro: Children are characterized as being innocent or at least not responsible for their action since science shows that their brains are not yet fully formed. 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Retail Market Target

Question: What is design and why? What is type of research and why? What is your sample and why?What is the method of data collection and why? More detail and justification please in your final paper. Answer: Introduction Retail market in United Kingdom is a popular industry among the customers. Apple is one of the leading brands in the retail industry with its head quarters at Unites States. The company has 364 retail outlets all over the world (Tupikovskaja-Omovie et al., 2014). The company have various retail stores across United Kingdom. The success of the company depends on the purchase of products by customers, which in turn depends on the satisfaction of the customers. Customers satisfaction is an important part of any business that depends on various factors of the company and their services (Chakravarti Thomas, 2015). In this assignment, the satisfaction of the customers of Apple across United Kingdom would be explored. Various methods of data collection, data interpretation and probable outcome would be given in this research proposal (Wong Lam, 2016). This would give a vivid idea about the probable satisfaction level of the customers and the probable reasons behind it. Aim of the research This research aims to find the satisfaction of the customers of Apple and the factors that affect the satisfaction level of the customers. Satisfaction level of the customers is an important part for the business, as plummet in the customers satisfaction would result to loss in business. Factors that influence the customers satisfaction would also be explored in this research. Objective of the research The objective of the research is as follows: To determine the factors that influences the satisfaction level of the current customers of Apple products across United Kingdom. To determine how does these factors influence the consumers of Apple products in United Kingdom. To find how does the customers satisfaction level influence the business of the company. Research question The research questions are as follows: What are the factors that satisfy the customers of Apple? How do these factors influence the satisfaction level of the customers? How does the satisfaction level of the customers affect the business of the company? Problem statement The problem statement of the research is that the satisfaction level of the consumers of Apple products across United Kingdom is decreasing in the recent years. This had affected the business of the company. Literature review According to the viewpoint of Huang et al., (2013), it was seen that the products of Apple cost a huge sum of money than the products of other company. This results to lesser sale of the products of Apple than the products of other companies. The products of Apple have specific features that are not available for same products of other companies. As per the viewpoint of Sargunani and Bruce, (2015), it was seen that the products produced by Apple have higher resolutions, bigger display screen and advanced operating systems. Phones, laptops and other products produced by Apple provide their users with unique and user-friendly features, which are easily acceptable by the users (Piotrowicz Cuthbertson, 2014). As per the comments of Kumar, (2015), it was found that the iphone of Apple had a special feature of figure print scanner. This feature is unavailable for other phone of different company. This feature had been widely acceptable by the customers and the customers are largely satisf ied by this feature of the phone. As per the opinion of Wong and Lam, (2016), the cost of the products of Apple had been a constraint to the customers. The cost of the products makes it unreachable to many customers. This factor does not let the new technologies reach to the customers of various financial levels from all over the world. As per the opinion of Ayanso and Lertwachara, (2015), it was seen that branding strategy of Apple is an important aspect to attract customers towards their company. This company uses the Apple brand to draw consumers towards their company. They have even captured the consumers electronic industry of the United Kingdom with the products of iPods, distribution of music through iTunes Music Stores, the market of smart phones with the help of Apple iPhones and other applications via AppStores for its different products. This had drawn huge number of customers towards the company; especially the younger generation. United Kingdom, being a developed country, the people is technically advanced. They like the new features and technologies that are available in the devices of Apple. The consumers get the chance to explore new features of the devices and they tend to buy the new products that Apple introduces over the time. On the viewpoint of Taylor et al., (2014), it was found that the consu mers expect new features with the introduction of new models of Apple products to the world. The consumers expect new design and innovative technologies in the products of Apple. According to the comments of Chiu et al., (2013), the company introduces new technologies and improve their designs with the introduction of new products over the time. However, this leads to the increase in the price of the products. The common people could not buy them and they settle down with lesser-priced products that contain similar technology. This had proved harmful to the business of Apple products and they had sometimes failed in their strategies to draw customers. As per the viewpoint of Piotrowicz and Cuthbertson, (2014), promotional strategies play an important role to attract customers towards the company. The consumers of Apple products across United Kingdom are educated and have better financial conditions. They are influenced by the sophisticated advertisement of the products of the companies. This is another strategy that is adopted by the company to draw the attention of the consumers towards them. According to the viewpoint of Berg, (2014), it was seen that adapting this strategy of advertisement had failed to draw their expected amount of customers of United Kingdom to buy the products of Apple. The company had found plummet in their number of consumers in the recent years, which had become a concern for the company (Taylor et al., 2014). The causes for the dip in the number of customers over the recent years are a major concern for the business of the company in United Kingdom. The company wishes to make efforts to raise the number of consumers across United Kingdom, which would help them to develop in their business. Research Methodology The methodology of this research includes various steps that are discussed below: Research design The research would be designed that includes consumers across various age groups and various financial levels. This design would involve collection of primary data across the stores of Apple across United Kingdom by questionnaire method. The store members and the managers of the stores would be involved in this survey and they have to convince the visitors of the stores to fill up the questionnaires for the survey. These data would be used for further analysis. Data and data collection methods The desired data for this research would be the primary data that would be collected on interviewing the consumers who come to the stores of Apple to either purchase or find out about the products. The stores across United Kingdom should be instructed to survey their customers who visit the stores, irrespective of whether they purchase the product of not (Hayes et al., 2014). The stores would be provided with the questionnaire and they must be instructed to help the customers to fill up the questionnaire (Ayanso Lertwachara, 2015). The questionnaire would contain both qualitative and quantitative questions and the consumers would be asked to fill them up according to their opinion. This survey would be done for a period of three months (Piotrowicz Cuthbertson, 2014). Data collected over the different stores of Apple across the United Kingdom over three months would be used for further analysis. Three months of time would be chosen as more time would lead to the change in opinion of people with time. It would be difficult to identify the factors that affect the satisfaction level of the consumers and how does this satisfaction level influence the business of the company. Sample size and sample method A sample size of thirty across twenty stores across United Kingdom would be drawn from the primary data that would be collected from the survey. Twenty stores would be chosen randomly across various parts of United Kingdom. The data collected from these chosen stores would be considered for the survey. Thirty samples would be randomly chosen from these selected stores and they would be used for further analysis (Ayanso Lertwachara, 2015). Thus, the method of random sampling would be used to collect the samples of this research. Method of analysis There are various methods of analysis that would be done on these data in order to find the factors that affect the satisfaction level of the customers in context of the products of Apple. Count of the factors that attract the consumers to the Apple products would give the frequency of the factors (Kennedy, 2013). This would give an idea about the most and least favoured factor of the products that attract the consumers. The method of descriptive statistics would be done, which would give an idea about the average amount of money spent by the consumers to buy electronic devices and the time spent to research about the electronic gadgets (Chiu et al., 2013). Comparative study would also be done in order to find the preference of the products of Apple over the products of other companies (Jaeger et al., 2016). The method of correlation would also be done in order to know how the satisfaction level of the consumers affects the buying behaviour of the products of Apple, which in turn wou ld give the idea about the business of the company in United Kingdom (Montgomerie Roscoe,2013). The method of descriptive statistics would also give an idea about the type of people who usually visit the stores of Apple across United Kingdom and the type of people who us ally purchase these products. The method of descriptive statistics would also provide an idea about the age group of the consumers of Apple products across United Kingdom (Varley, 2014). The method of frequency distribution would give an idea about the types of professions that influence the purchase of the Apple products. It would also help to give an idea about the economic level of the consumers of the buyers and the visitors and the influence of profession on the purchase of the products of Apple across United Kingdom (Taylor et al., 2014). The method of correlation between the types of profession and the business of the company would also help to give an idea about how the profession of the consumers helps the business of the Apple in United Kingdom (Hayes et al., 2014). Thus, these methods would be used t o analyse the surveyed data and it would give an idea about the factors that affect the satisfaction level of the consumers of Apple products across United Kingdom and how this satisfaction level influences the business of the company across United Kingdom. Conclusion In this assignment, the methods of data collection were suggested to be primary data collection method, which would include all the stores of Apple across the country of United Kingdom. These data would be surveyed with the help of questionnaire method to form the population of the research. The method of random sampling would be applied on this population in order to collect the samples of the data. These collected data would be subjected to various statistical methods like frequency methods, descriptive statistics and methods of correlation. These methods would give an idea about the factors that affect the satisfaction level of the consumers of Apple products across United Kingdom. It would also give an idea about how these factors affect the satisfaction level of the consumers of Apple products in United Kingdom. These statistical methods would also give an idea about the influence of the satisfaction level of the consumers on the business of the Apple in United Kingdom. References Ayanso, A., Lertwachara, K. (2015). Analyzing Customer Service Technologies for Online Retailing: A Customer Service Life Cycle Approach.Journal of Computer Information Systems,55(4), 73-80. Berg, B. (2014). Introduction. InRetail Branding and Store Loyalty(pp. 1-26). Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. Chakravarti, A., Thomas, M. (2015). Introduction: hit-or-miss consumer insights. InWhy People (Dont) BUY(pp. 1-6). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Chiu, W. Y., Tzeng, G. H., Li, H. L. (2013). A new hybrid MCDM model combining DANP with VIKOR to improve e-store business.Knowledge-Based Systems,37, 48-61. Hayes, S. G., Tupikovskaja-Omovie, Z., Tyler, D. J., Chandrasekara, S. (2014, January). Segmenting the UK Mobile Fashion Consumer. Association for Information Systems. Huang, L., Hu, C., Zhang, X. (2013). Consumer experience analysis: A case study of Apple Inc. from consumers' perspective in experience marketing. Jaeger, S. R., Antnez, L., Ares, G., Johnston, J. W., Hall, M., Harker, F. R. (2016). Consumers visual attention to fruit defects and disorders: A case study with apple images.Postharvest Biology and Technology,116, 36-44. Kennedy, B. (2013). Retail Marketing Theory In Fashion Retailing Context. Kumar, P. (2015). Factors that determine the shopping behaviour of customers of organized and unorganized retail outlets:-a statistical survey of customer behaviour of shopping in Delhi/NCR.International Journal of Management, IT and Engineering,5(4), 150-184. Montgomerie, J., Roscoe, S. (2013, December). Owning the consumerGetting to the core of the Apple business model. InAccounting Forum(Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 290-299). Elsevier. Piotrowicz, W., Cuthbertson, R. (2014). Introduction to the special issue information technology in retail: Toward omnichannel retailing.International Journal of Electronic Commerce,18(4), 5-16. Sargunani, S. S., Bruce, M. M. J. (2015). Impact of Product and Market Factors on Consumer Behavior: A Study on Personal Computers Purchase.Asian Journal of Applied Sciences,8(1), 92-100. Taylor, S. A., Donovan, L. A. N., Ishida, C. (2014). Consumer Trust and Satisfaction in the Formation of Consumer Loyalty Intentions in Transactional Exchange: The Case of a Mass Discount Retailer.Journal of Relationship Marketing,13(2), 125-154. Tupikovskaja-Omovie, Z., Tyler, D. J., Chandrasekara, S., Hayes, S. (2014, March). Segmenting the UK Mobile Fashion Consumer. InICMB(p. 2). Varley, R. (2014).Retail product management: buying and merchandising. Routledge. Wong, I. A., Lam, I. K. V. (2016). A multilevel investigation of the role of retail stores in cross-border shopping.Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing, 1-17.

Medical Genetics And Cognitive Disability - Click to Get Sample Soluti

Question: Discuss about the Medical Genetics and Cognitive Disability. Answer: Introduction: Down syndrome is a genetic disorder, also known as trisomy 21. It occurs due to the presence of a third copy of chromosome no 21. Down syndrome is related to delays on physical growth and development, elemental facial trait and average intellectual abilities. This genetic disorder is the most commonly occurring chromosome abnormalities among humans (Epstein, 2013).The occurrence ratio is one in 1000 babies who are born every year. It has been found that the genetic disorder was prevalent among 8.5 million people that led to 36000 demise (Vos et al., 2015). The disorder was named after the British doctor, John Longdon Down. However, the French researchers discovered the cause of the disorder, which is inherited genetically. In this assignment, the basics of the genetic disorder with pedigree chart, new diagnostics and treatments of the disorders are discussed. The Down syndrome is a persistent state caused by the extra copy of chromosome 21. The parents of Down syndrome affected children are normal atypically on context to genetics. The extra copy of the chromosome 21 occurs randomly by chance. It results when a complete or partial copy of the chromosome 21 is present. The chromosomes are the collection of genetic information present in every cell within the human body. Generally, 46 chromosomes present in human body are organized in 23 pairs of chromosomes. Among them, 22 pairs are known as autosomes and one pair referred to as sex chromosomes. However, in individuals with Down syndrome, an extra copy of the chromosome 21 is found and this condition is referred to as trisomy 21. Hence, such individuals have 47 chromosomes instead of 46 chromosomes. As a result, present of this three copies of chromosome 21 with genetic material leads to the occurrence of Down syndrome (Malt et al., 2013). The risk of being affected by the disorder increas e from 0.1% among the 20 years old mothers to 3% within the mothers in the age group of 45 years (nads.org, 2016). Until date, there has not been found any activity related to behavioral patterns or environmental determinants that alter the risk of the occurrence of disorder. The individuals with this genetic disorder have some distinguishing facial as well as physical characteristics, medical complications and cognitive disabilities. The facial traits include upturned eyes, flat nose, small nose, small mouth with proportionally larger tongue and round face with flattened profile on a average. The physical features include small feet and short finger (Langlois et al., 2013). They have higher chances of developing medical complications. They have vision and hearing difficulties too. They are found with heart defects that might be mild or severe. In addition to the above mentioned issues, they might suffer from gastrointestinal problems, thyroid functioning, chances of developing canc er and mental illness. A pedigree chart for Down syndrome is a rough outlining of the likelihood of a child for developing with this condition because of the previous generations. Since, the Down syndrome is not an inherited disorder, so accurate diagram for predicting the chances of developing it is not possible. It occurs in case where a child possesses an extra copy of chromosome. (Figure 1: Pedigree chart of Down syndrome) (Source: www.scicarlyrae.files.wordpress.com, 2016) There are two types of tests available for Down syndrome, which can be done prior to the birth of a baby; they are screening tests and diagnostic tests. Though the screening tests do not provide information that the disorder would take place in the baby surely, however, it merely states the chances that a baby may develop such a disorder. Whereas, the diagnosis tests facilitate 100% accurate results and provide absolute diagnosis. A new screening technique is available for prenatal screening among the pregnant mothers. The blood tests help in measuring the amount of substances present in the mothers blood. These tests help in estimating the chances of the mother to give birth to a baby with Down syndrome. Mostly, the screening tests include blood or serum tests and sonogram.. These advanced techniques are now available for detection of fetal chromosomes that circulates in mothers blood. Unlike the diagnostic tests, these screening tests are non-invasive but give accurate results. The diagnostic tests that are available for prenatal detection of Down syndrome include Chronic Villus Sampling (CVS) as well as amniocentesis. These procedures although carry a risk factor of 1% chance of miscarriage, nevertheless these methodologies provide with 100% accurate diagnosis of Down syndrome. Amniocentesis is generally done during the second trimester of gestation period between 15 and 20 weeks, CVS is performed mostly between 9 and 14 weeks of pregnancy. The recognition of Down syndrome is generally performed at birth. It is detected by the presence of certain physical characteristics such as low tonality of muscles, a single crease in the palm are of the hand, flat profile, rounded face and upturned eyes. However, such traits are sometimes present in normal babies, so a chromosomal analysis is done referred to as karyotype in order to reaffirm the diagnosis. Generally, blood is drawn from cells of the baby for performing the karyotype. The chromosomes are photographed. They are grouped according to their size, shape and number. In this way, the doctors diagnose Down syndrome by examination of the karyotype. There is another test for examining genetic disorders known as FISH. This is applied using the same principle as that of the karyotype for confirming the diagnosis for shorter time-period (Palomaki et al., 2012). Down syndrome is not curable. However, early interventions and treatment procedures may help the individuals to lead productive life. The treatments include exercises, speech and occupational therapy for improving the motor abilities. Special educational patterns and proper care with attention can help them further. The medical complications like hearing impairments, thyroid and related disorders can be corrected. Use of amino acid supplements as well as drugs like Piracetam that are believed to provide improved ability to apprehend and teach (Bartesaghi et al., 2015). Down syndrome is one of the most commonly occurring genetic disorders that occur due to formation of an extra copy of chromosome 21. The distinctive traits of facial and physical characteristics are common in Down syndrome, which are used for detection of the disorder. The modern treatment and diagnostic procedures are however capable of detecting the disorder with accuracy. In this way, early detection can be helpful for treating such patients by speech therapy, exercises so that they can lead a prospective life. However, further advancement in the field of genetics will help in adding on to more technologies for detection, diagnoses and treatment of Down syndrome. References: Bartesaghi, R., Haydar, T. F., Delabar, J. M., Dierssen, M., Martnez-Cu, C., Bianchi, D. W. (2015). New Perspectives for the Rescue of Cognitive Disability in Down Syndrome.The Journal of Neuroscience,35(41). Epstein, C. J. (2013). of Down Syndrome.Molecular Genetic Medicine,2, 105. Langlois, S., Brock, J. A., Wilson, R. D., Audibert, F., Carroll, J., Cartier, L., ... Okun, N. (2013). Current status in non-invasive prenatal detection of Down syndrome, trisomy 18, and trisomy 13 using cell-free DNA in maternal plasma.Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada,35(2). Malt, E. A., Dahl, R. C., Haugsand, T. M., Ulvestad, I. H., Emilsen, N. M., Hansen, B., ... Davidsen, E. M. (2013). Health and disease in adults with Down syndrome.Tidsskrift for den Norske laegeforening: tidsskrift for praktisk medicin, ny raekke,133(3). Palomaki, G. E., Deciu, C., Kloza, E. M., Lambert-Messerlian, G. M., Haddow, J. E., Neveux, L. M., ... Nelson, S. F. (2012). DNA sequencing of maternal plasma reliably identifies trisomy 18 and trisomy 13 as well as Down syndrome: an international collaborative study.Genetics in medicine,14(3). Vos, T., Barber, R. M., Bell, B., Bertozzi-Villa, A., Biryukov, S., Bolliger, I., ... Duan, L. (2015). Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 19902013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.The Lancet,386(9995). www.nads.org,. (2016). Facts About Down Syndrome- National Association for Down Syndrome. Retrieved 31 October 2016, from https://www.nads.org/resources/facts-about-down-syndrome/ www.scicarlyrae.files.wordpress.com,. (2016). Retrieved 31 October 2016, from https://scicarlyrae.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/pedigree1.png